QUERCUS WlSLIZENI HIGHLAND LlVE OAK. 49 



The Highland Live Oak near the coast and on Santa Rosa and Santa 

 Cruz Islands is of more shrubby habit, and in that form extends south- 

 ward into Lower California. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood heavy, very hard and strong, quite 

 close-grained, with annual rings more distinctly indicated by large 

 open ducts than is the case with the evergreen Oaks generally, the 

 structure being rather between them and the deciduous species. It is 

 of ;i light reddish-brown color with abundant lighter sap-wood, the 

 heart-wood in fact only appearing in trees of considerable age. 

 SjHTfjir (r/><ir!tij, 0.7855; Percentage of Ash, 1.02; Relative Approx- 

 imate Fuel V<ilne, 0.7775; Coefficient of Elasticity, 8.6055; Modulus 

 <>f It>u>tni'<\ 818; Resistance to Longitudinal Pressure, 533; Resist- 

 <i/tr<' to Indentation^ 272; Weight of a Ciibic Foot in Pounds, 48.95. 



ISKS. The main use of this tree is for fuel, for which it is excel- 

 lent, but the qualities of the wood are such that it is suitable for vari- 

 ous manufacturing purposes as for furniture, agricultural implements, 

 etc. where firmness and strength or ornamental qualities are required. 



ORDER SALIC ACE-SJ: WILLOW FAMILY. 



Leaves alternate, simple, undivided and furnished with stipules, which are 

 either scale-like and deciduous, or leaf-like and persistent. Flowers dioecious, 

 both kinds in catkins, one under each bract or scale of the catkin and destitute 

 of both calyx and corolla, or the former represented by a gland-like cup ; ovary 

 1 to 2-celled ; styles wanting, or 2 and short ; stigmas often 2-lobed. Fruit a 1 or 

 2-celled, 2-valved pod, with numerous seeds springing from two parietal or basal 

 placentae and furnished with long, silky down ; seeds ascending, anatropous, 

 with albumen ; cotyledons flat. 



Trees or shrubs of rapid growth, light wood and bitter bark. 



GENUS SALIX, TOURNEFORT. 



Leaves generally narrow, long and pointed and usually with conspicuous stip- 

 ules ; bud scales single. Flowers appearing before or w T ith the leaves in terminal 

 and lateral cylindrical, imbricated catkins, the scales or bracts of which are 

 entire and each subtending a flower, which is without calyx, and bears at its 

 base 1 or 2 small nectiferous glands. Sterile flowers with 2 (but sometimes more) 

 distinct or united stamens. Fertile flowers : ovary ovoid lanceolate, taper-pointed; 

 style short ; stigmas 2, short and mostly bifid. Fruit a 1-celled pod, dehiscent 

 at maturity by two valves which roll back to the summit to liberate the numer- 

 ous minute comose seeds. 



Trees and shrubs with lithe round branches and growing mostly along streams 

 and in moist localities. (Salix is from the Celtic, sal, near and, Us, water, allud- 

 ing to the favorite locality of the wallows.) 



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