56 HOUGH'S AMERICAN W 



GODS. 



irregular plate-like ridges which flake off in brittle rounded, scales. 

 The distinctly gray or light bluish -green full foliage of the tree 

 gives it a conspicuous and characteristic aspect. 



HABITAT. From the Wasatch Mountains in Utah, westward to 

 the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and in localities 

 on the western slopes of the southern Sierra Nevadas, the San 

 Raphael and San Bernardino Mountains, and southward into Lower 

 California and in Arizona on arid slopes and mesas, from 3, (MM) to 7,000 

 ft. altitude. It is especially abundant in Nevada and along the east- 

 ern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, 

 of slow growth and with yellowish brown heart- wood and lighter sap- 

 wood. Specific Gravity, 0.5658; Percentage of Ash, 0.68; 

 Approximate Fuel Value, 0.5620; Coefficient El *t '',! ij, 

 Modulus of Rupture, 288; Resistance to Longitudinal 7 > ;v-.v.s-///v, 

 274; Resistance to Indentation, 169; Weight of a Cubic .Foot hi 

 Pounds, 35.26. 



USES. The wood is extensively used for fuel and charcoal, for 

 which latter use it is employed more extensively in the Great Basin 

 than any other timber. 



The seeds of this tree form a very important article of food with 

 the Piute, Sboshone and Penamint Indians and other tribes of the 

 regions in which it grows. They gather the cones in great quantities 

 and roast them sufficiently to make them open and liberate the nuts, 

 which are then eaten raw, roasted or pounded into a flour with which 

 they make a sort of bread. 



197. PINUS TORREYANA, PARRY. 



TORREY PINE, DEL MAR PINE, SOLEDAD PINE. 



Ger., Fichte von Torrey ; Fr., Pin de Torrey ; Sp., Pino de Torr<-//. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: Leaves in clusters of five each, from the axils of lan- 

 ceolate fringed bracts, stout, 8 to 13 in. long, sharply and minutely serrulate, 

 with acute callous tips and growing in large tufts at the ends of the branchlets, 

 with sheathes at first an inch or two long, with loose fringed scales, but finally 

 become reduced to \ or f in. in length. The leaves contain two fibro- vascu- 

 lar bundles, generally three resin ducts and several rows of stomata on eacli 

 face; branchlets thick and rough with the thick persistent bases of the bracts. 

 Flau'i'iH appear from January to March, the staminate cylindrical, 2-i in. in 

 length, with involucral bracts at base and in short dense heads: anthers yellow 

 with denticulate crests; the pistillate flowers oblong-ovoid, about 5 in. long, in 

 subterminal pairs, with stout peduncles about 1 in. in length covered with chest- 

 nut-brown scarious bracts. Fruit broad -ovoid cones, 4-6 in. long, with stout 

 peduncles generally somewhat deflexed, of a chocolate brown color, with sea Irs 

 about 1 in. broad, with short point at apex very thick and furnished with wide- 



