PlN US KADI ATA MONTEREY PlNE. 59 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood soft, light, brittle, not strong, of 

 rapid growth, with yellowish brown heart-^ood and abundant pale yel- 

 low sap-wood. Specific Gravity, 0.4840; Percentage of Ash, 0.40; 

 Hi A///W Approximate Fuel Value, 0.4821; Coefficient of Elasticity, 

 58517; Modulus of Rupture, 779; Resistance to Longitudinal 

 Pi-expire, 337; Resistance to Indentation, 138; Weight of a Cubic 

 Foot in Pounds, 30.16. 



USES. Wood very inferior for lumber and fuel; hence but little 

 used. The delicious edible nuts in early days were an important 

 article of food with the Indians of California, known as Digger 

 Indians, and from that fact it derived its common vernacular name. 

 Digger Pine. 



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES. A volatile oil is distilled from the resin- 

 ous exudation of this tree and is extensively used in California under 

 the name of .dbietene and other less appropriate designations (as 

 evasine, <m routine and iheoline]. It is a nearly colorless liquid, with 

 the odor of oil of Oranges, and is believed to possess powerful anaes- 

 thetic properties. Its value in medicine has probably been over- 

 estimated, though it is extensively employed for removing grease spots 

 and stains from clothing, and to some extent as an insecticide.* 



199. PINUS RADIATA, DoNf 



MONTEREY PINE. 



Ger., Ficlite von Monterey Fr., Pin de Monterey Sp., Pino de 



Monterey. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: Leaves from 4-6 in. long, in clusters of three each; 

 sheathes at first loose, scarious and from | to f in. long, but finally firmer, 

 darker colored and only in. long, leaves serrulate, stonatiferous on three 

 faces, with two fibro-vas^ular bundles and usually a single parenchymatous resin 

 duct. Staminate flowers in dense cylindrical oblong spikes 1 to H in. long, 

 with ten involucral bracts a.nd yellow anthers terminating in orbicular denticu- 

 late crests. Pistillate flowers lateral, generally several together in a whorl on 

 short stout bract-covered peduncles, dark purple, with ovate slender-tipped 

 scales and conspicuous orbicular bracts. At the end of the first year the young 

 cones are nearly horizontal, ovoid, about 1 in. or less long and witti minute 

 incurved spines. Cones when mature are 8 to 5 in. long, lustrous chestnut 

 brown, short-stalked, very oblique-ovoid, pointed at apex, deflexed, with scales 

 rounded at the apex, purple beneath, the exposed portion of the scales on the 

 outer side toward the base very thick gibbous, elsewhere quite flat, each with an 

 obscure transverse ridge and small purplish umbo tipped with a minute decidu- 

 ous prickle; seeds about \ in. long, with black compressed purple-brown tuber- 

 culate testa and thin light-brown wing, about 1 in. in length, longitudinally 

 striated; cotyledons 5 to 7. 



* U. S. Dispensatory, 17th ed., pp. 972 and 1354 ; also Sargent's SUva XI, p. 96. 

 tPimts insignis, Dougl. 



