KEY, BASED UPON FRUIT. 11 



/. Calvx-teeth, 



g. Purple-black, 5-seeded, in umbels 8. ARALIA SPINOSA. 



</*. Red or purplish, 



4-8-seeded, axillary 52. ILEX OPACA. 



2-seeded, in terminal panicles 181. HETEROMELES ARBUTIFOLIA. 



/*. Style or remnants of it ; fruit about 



i in. long, dryish, in racemes 107. CYRILLA RACEMIFLORA. 



i in. lang, juicy, in cymes 157. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA. 



f z . Xot crowned with either calyx- teeth or style, 

 g. Sessile, scaly- bracted beneath ; leaves evergreen; fruit 



Dark blue, seeds 1-4 25. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIAN A. 



Blue-black, seeds 2-3 '. .168. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS. 



Reddish-brown, seeds 1-2 167. JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA. 



gr*. Pedicellate, not scaly-bracted beneath, slightly 2-3-lobed, 2-3-seeded, 



Black; nutlets indehiscent 126. RHAMMUS PURSHIANA. 



Red; nutlets dehiscent 176. RHAMMUS INSULARIS. 



c 4 . Nut hard, single coat and furnished with an involucral cup or covering. 

 d. Ovoid oblong or ellipsoidal, surrounded at its base with an involucral 



cup (Quercus), acorn borne 



e. On the new wood of the season (i. e. maturation annual) cup 

 /. Less than enveloping the oval acorn, which is 



Obtusely pointed; foliage yellow-green 136. Q. GARRY ANA. 



Acutely pointed; foliage bluish-green ; 214. Q. DOUGLASII. 



/*. About i* enveloping the small 



Ovoid nut f in, long : scales thin 68. Q. MUHLENBERGH. 



Long, narrow nut, often 2 in. long 160. Q. LOBATA. 



/ 3 . About enveloping the nut 

 /. Thick, scales very roughly tubercled, edge of cup rather inturned after 



shedding the nut; foliage 

 h. Yellow-green, deciduous; nut long-ovoid; leaves 



5-9 in. long; lobes rounded 38. Q. ALBA. 



14-3* in. long, lobes pointed 216. Q. MACDONALDI. 



7i 2 . Blue-green, persistent; nut ovid 215. Q. ENGELMANNI. 



gr 2 . Thinner, scales thinnish ; leaves 



Deciduous ; peduncles shorter than petioles 67. QUERCUS PRINUS. 



Subpersistent ; acorns sessile or nearly so. .137. QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA. 

 / 4 . Scarcely \ enveloping the oblong-ovoid nut about 1 in. in length. 



116. QUERCUS MICHAUXII. 



f 5 . About ^ or more enveloping the nut ; peduncles longer than the 

 petioles ; nut 



in. long, light brown 66. QUERCUS BICOLOR. 



| in. or less long, dark brown 117. QUERCUS VIRENS. 



/ 6 . About ^ or more enveloping the nut ; peduncles 



g. Longer than the petioles 66. Q. BICOLOR. 



g-. Shorter than the petioles ; scales 



Very loosely appressed, forming a moss-like fringed margin of cup. 



39. Q. MACROCARPA. 



More closely appressed and not forming a moss-like fringe. 



92. Q. OBTUSILOBA. 



e'-. On wood of the preceding season (i. e. maturation biennial) ; cup 

 /. Very shallow, almost flat and with long-linear recurved scales. 



138. QUERCUS DENSIFLORA. 

 /*. Saucer-shaped, 

 </. One-fourth enveloping the nut which is 



1 in. or less in length; saucer thin 15. Q. RUBRA. 



1 in. long ; saucer thin at rim 191. Q. TOMENTELLA. 



2~in. or less in length; saucer usually thick 161 Q. CHRYSOLEPIS. 



g 9 . One-half enveloping an ovoid nut 162. Q. CA.LIFORNICA, 



g 3 . Flattened-globose ; leaves 



Sinuate-pinnatifid with wide sinuses 94. QUERCUS PALUSTRIS. 



Obovate-spatulate, entire 118. QUERCUS AQUATICA. 



/*. Top-shaped. \ enveloping the acorn ; scales thin and coarse : 



Inner bark of tree reddish 69. Q. COCCINEA. 



Inner bark yellowish 93. Q. TINCTORIA. 



