2iO. CKATAEGUS DOUGLASII BLACK THORN. 31 



having paler, narrower, ovate lanceolate leaves, simply serrate inembranaceous 

 leaves and somewhat smaller flowers. It was originally described by Nuttall as 

 a distinct species and is still so considered by some botanists. 



(The specific name Douglasii, is given in compliment to Mr. David Douglas, 

 who discovered this species and by whom it was introduced into cultivation in 

 England.) 



Generally a low, round -headed tree with numerous rigid branches, 

 or often only a shrub, but occasionally attaining the height of 30 or 

 40 ft. (10 in.) with trunk 18 in. (0.45 m.) or even more in diameter. 

 The bark of trunk is about J- in. in thickness, of a grayish brown color, 

 and fissured lengthwise into narrow ridges which exfoliate in elongated 

 thickish scales. 



HABITAT. British Columbia and southward through Washington 

 and Oregon into northern California and eastward into western Mon- 

 tana to the base of the Rocky Mountains, growing along the banks of 

 streams, sometimes forming almost impenetrable thickets, and reaching 

 its best development in western Oregon and northern California. 



In the variety rivularis it extends eastward throughout Colorado 

 and southward into N"ew Mexico. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood heavy, hard, strong, very close- 

 grained, with a satiny surface and having numerous very fine medul- 

 lary rays. It is of a light reddish-brown color with abundant 

 yellowish-white sap-wood. /Specific Gravity, 0.6950; Percentage of 

 A.sh) 0.33; Relative Approximate Fuel Value, 0.6927; Weight of a 

 C"l'* Foot in Pounds, 43.31. 



USES. The wood is used to some extent in the manufacture of 

 tool handles, etc., for which it is excellent, and the fruit is extensively 

 eaten by the Indians. The tree is planted occasionally for ornamental 

 purposes and thrives well in our Eastern States. 



ORDER MYRTACE.ZE : MYRTLE FAMILY. 



Leaves simple, opposite or alternate without stipules, often pellucid-punctate, 

 coriacious and with marginal vein. Flowers usually perfect; calyx-lobes valvate 

 or imbricate or consolidated into a lid; petals 4 or 5 (rarely 6 or wanting) epigy- 

 nous : stamens numerous ; ovary usually inferior (rarely free) 2 -many- celled 

 (rarely 1-celled), styles undivided; ovules 2 or many amphitropous. Fruit a cap- 

 sule or berry: seeds without albumen. 



A large and important order of about 1800 species, mostly of trees and shrubs 

 of warm climates, generally pervaded with a fragrant and pungent volatile oil 

 and producing various spices, edible fruits, etc. 



GENUS EUCALYPTUS, L'HERITIER. 



Leaves thick, coriacious, smooth, mostly alternate though on young shoots 

 generally opposite, entire or nearly so. with thick margin, opposite sides generally 

 alike and arranged vertically by a twist in the petiole, glandular-punctate and of 

 marked flavor and odor when braised. Flowers in 3-15-flowered umbels or soli- 

 tary in the axils of the leaves, with firm cup-like calyx which opens with a decid- 

 uous lid; petals wanting; stamens very numerous, with slender filiform filaments 



