PEEFACE 



Ix 1901 we published the first part of a work entitled 

 Morphology of Spermatophytes, containing an account of the 

 Gymnosperms. At that time it was our purpose to issue as 

 a second part an account of the Angiosperms, which would also 

 contain a complete index of the whole work. We have become 

 convinced, however, that such an association of these two great 

 groups would help to emphasize a relationship that does not 

 exist, and that Gymnosperms and Angiosperms should be 

 treated as independent groups, coordinate with Pteridophytes. 

 Therefore, the present volume is issued, not as Part II of 

 Morphology of Spermatophyies, but as an independent volume 

 entitled Morphology of Angiosperms:, and any subsequent 

 edition of the previous volume will be entitled Morphology of 

 Gymnosperms. 



This volume, as the preceding, has grown out of a course 

 of lectures accompanied by laboratory work, given for several 

 successive years to classes of graduate students, preparing for 

 research. -It seeks to organize the vast amount of scattered 

 material so that it may be available in compact and related 

 form. While careful attention has been given to citations, so 

 that the student may know the groups that have been inves- 

 tigated, and be put in touch with the original papers, the work 

 is in no sense a compilation. The ground has been traversed 

 repeatedly, for several years, by various members of the botan- 

 ical staff and by numerous students, and their results have 

 served to check current statements, as well as to contribute no 

 small amount of new material. 



