70 



MORPHOLOGY OF SPERMATOPHYTES 



nospermy, the ovuliferous structures were interpreted in terms 

 of Angiosperms, the ovule being regarded as a pistil, and the 

 related parts being variously interpreted. Brown's conclusion 

 as to a naked ovule was derived from a comparison of the so- 



FIG. 55. Ovulate structures of various Conifers: 1, Agathis aitstralis, ovuliferous scale 

 from inner side (Jf, winged seed) ; #, longitudinal section of 1 ; <?, Araucaria excelsa, 

 longitudinal section of scale, etc., also showing the outgrowth (i) above the seed ; 

 4, Cunninghamia Sinensis, ovuliferous scale, showing three ovules ( M), and an 

 outgrowth (i) ; 5, Mierocachrys tetragona, longitudinal section of ovuliferous scale, 

 also showing the arillus (a) and the outgrowth (i) ; , Oryptomeria Japonica, longi- 

 tudinal section of part of the strobilus ; 7 and #, Cupressus Lawsoniana, showing a 

 young cone (7) and a later stage (8) ; , Podocarpus macrophylla, longitudinal sec- 

 tion, showing ovulate structures and aril (ar). From ENGLER and PRANTL'S Nat. 

 Pfianzenfani. 



called " ovule ?? (nucellus) of Cycads and Conifers with the 

 ovule of Angiosperms. His corollary was that the ovuliferous 

 scale represents an open carpel, but his statement that this so- 

 called carpel is a leaf in the axil of a bract called forth strong 

 dissent. 



In 1839 Schleiden 2 called attention to the fact that Brown's 

 " folium in axilla folii " is a morphological impossibility, and 

 that the ovuliferous scale is a flattened axis in the form of a 

 placenta, a view concurred in later by Baillon, Dickson, Stras- 

 burger, and Masters, but without regarding the axis as a pla- 

 centa, the axial nature of placentas in general being one of 

 Schleiden's peculiar views. 



