72 MORPHOLOGY OF SPERMATOPIIYTES 



liferous scale is an axis, but regarded it as an axillary shoot 

 rather than a placenta. 



In the same year (1860) Dickson 8 recorded some cones of 

 the Norway spruce (Picea excelsa) in which the lower bracts 

 were replaced by stamens, while the upper bracts bore axillary 



FIG. 57. Cephalotaxus spp. : staminate branch and details of structure (a-g) of C. For- 

 tunei ; ovulate branch of C. pedunculata. From ENGLER and PKANTL'S Nat. Pflan- 

 zenfum. 



scales as in the normal ovuliferous cone. His position, there- 

 fore, was that stamens are to be homologized with the bracts 

 of the ovuliferous cone, and that the ovuliferous scales repre- 

 sent axes of the next higher order, and are " simple flattened 

 shoots," as Schleiden had urged. It may be remarked that 



