Mosses and Lichens 



MM 



V. LEAFY-MOSSES 



Sporophy tes in general 30 



Sporophyte of Hairy-cap in detail . . -35 



How spores escape from a spore-case . . , 37 



How a spore becomes a leafy-moss ... 38 



How a spore-case is formed .... 39 

 How a Hairy-cap procures a maximum amount 



of light 42 



How a Hairy-cap avoids too strong light . 43 



Gametophyte 43 



Leaves in general 43 



Leaves of Hairy-caps 44 



Stem 45 



Antheridia 46 



Archegonia 47 



Development of a sporogonium .... 49 



Veil or calyptra 50 



Spore-case 51 



Lid or operculum 51 



Teeth or peristome 53 



Teeth of Polytrichum Mosses . . . 55 



Pedicel or seta 57 



Asexual reproduction. Protonema from spores, 

 rhizoids, cellular bodies, sporogonium, leaves, 



stems, gemmae 59 



VI. THE POSITION OF HEPATICS AND MOSSES IN THE 

 PLANT-KINGDOM AS SHOWN BY A COMPARISON OF 



HOMOLOGOUS PARTS . . . . . . . 61 



VII. THE HERBARIUM 



How to collect Hepatics, Mosses and Lichens . 73 



How to preserve Hepatics, Mosses and Lichens . 73 



How to study Hepatics, Mosses and Lichens . 73 



with the naked eye 73 



with a lens 74 



How to dissect Hepatics, Mosses and Lichens . 74 



with a compound microscope ... 74 



NOMENCLATURE . v . .75 



ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORITIES . . v . -. . . v . 75 



viii 



