Mosses and Lichens 



membrane and with their cells filled with food material appear in 

 abundance on the protonema. Each one of these is capable of 

 growing directly into a moss-plant or of producing protonema 

 upon which moss-plants may grow. 



Portions of a growing sporogonium, or of leaves, or of stems, 

 may produce protonema. 



Special buds or gemmae are also formed on many species. 

 Georgia pellucidd produces cellular bodies with stalks in clusters 

 at the extremities of special stems, the clusters surrounded with 

 a rosette of leaves. That all gemmae are modified leaves is an 

 accepted theory. 



Plant with 



two gemmae Gemmse cluster 

 clusters. enlarged. 



Georgia pellucida. 



Barbula unguicu- 

 lata. Sporophyte 

 with twisted seta. 



Tetraplodon mnioides. Plant 

 with slender pedicel and apo- 

 physis larger than the spore- 

 case. 



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