The Position of Hepatics and Mosses 



Lii 



Porella plalyphylla. The 

 leaf and stipule show 

 the simple cell structure; 



Asexual generation. 



Asexual generation on the 

 sexual generation. 



Viola crispa. 



A bit of the lichen 

 Cladonia furcala,showing 

 an alga of one cell (Pro- 

 tococcus ) 1 i ving with a fun- 

 gus consisting of chains 

 of cells. 



All ferns develop from spores, the spores germinate to form 

 generally a flat plate of cells (prothallium} large enough to be 

 seen well with the naked eye. The prothallia are heart-shaped 



65 



