Mosses and Lichens 



and green. They are common around the bases of ferns in the 

 woods and may be found in green-houses where ferns are propa- 

 gated. The prothalJium is the sexual or first generation in the 



life-history of a fern, for on it 

 are produced the antheridia 

 and archegonia necessary for 

 the production of the embryo 

 which shall grow into a fern 

 plant. 



It is not an easy matter to 

 keep clearly in mind the rela- 

 tion of the fern parts and the 

 leafy-moss parts. It will help 

 to do this, if one remember 



The alga scytonema growing with a fungus that the Criterion by which 

 to form the lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum. ^ decision k to he madf U 

 Both alga and fungus consist of chains lfle aecisic 



of cells and belong to the group of Thaiio- one of origin of parts rather 



than of function and appear- 

 ance. A glance at the parallel columns will show that if one 



.2rotKa.lliu.wx cell. 

 .Chlorophyll.. 



A vertical section of an 

 fche ;;oa : ua >r female organ 

 t a torn* 



Hepatics with leafy stems. 



The leaves have no veins and are but on* cell thick. 



66 



