Lichens, Genera and Species 



was given by Georg Franz Hoffman to describe the characteristic 

 habit of growth. 



Brown-fruited Cup Cladonia, Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Fr. 

 See Colour Plate XII. 



Habit and habitat. On stumps and on the earth. 



Vegetative organs (thallus). Primary, thallus scale-like and 

 variously lobed. Fruit-bearing branches (podetia) hollow, 5 to 

 25 mm. tall, top-shaped, short-stalked, granulose, warty or 

 scurfy; margin spreading, bearing sessile or stalked apothecia. 



Fruiting organs (apothecia). Brown. 



Name. The specific name pyxidata, suggested by the pode- 

 tia, is derived from the Greek trv^ 1?, a small box. 



The Fringed Cladonia, Cladonia fimbriata, (L.) Fr. See 

 Plate IX. 



Habitat. Earth, stumps, etc. 



Vegetative organs (thallus). The primary commonly per- 

 sistent as little scales variously incised on the margin, sea-green 

 above, olive to white or dusky below; often powdery (sorediate). 



Fruiting organs (apothecia). Brown, sometimes on tooth-like 

 projections of the goblet-shaped podetia. 



Fruit-bearing branches (podetia). Hollow, i to 3 cm. tall, 

 goblet-shaped, rather long-stalked and slender; the margin erect, 

 often with tooth-like projections sometimes bearing fruits (apo- 

 thecia) ; surface (cortex) disintegrating into a fine white powder. 



Name. The specific namejimbriata, the Latin for "fringed," 

 refers to the margin of the goblet-shaped branches. The forms 

 of Cladonia fimbriata are extremely varied and difficult to deter- 

 mine. Dr. Wainio recognises sixteen varieties and a large 

 number of sub- varieties, twelve varieties are well known in 

 North America. 



The Scarlet-crested Cladonia, Cladonia cristatella, 

 Tuckerm. See Colour Plate XII. 



Habit and habitat. Dead wood, etc. 



Vegetative organs (thallus). Coral-like (cladoniceform); fruit- 

 ing branches (podetia) hollow, cylindrical, sometimes branched, 

 2 to 4 mm. tall; smooth or with the surface wrinkled. 



Fruiting organs (apothecia). Scarlet knobs at the tips of the 

 fruiting branches. 



Name. The specific name cristatella, suggested by the bright 

 fruits, is derived from the Latin crista, a crest. 



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