Mosses and Lichens 



plant (monoicous) ; male flowers in axillary buds, with short pedi- 

 cels and two or three leaves. 



Veil (calypira). Split up one side. 



Spore-case. Red, thin, long, egg-shaped, more 

 or less incurved. 



Pedicel. Long and slender, twisted when dry. 

 Lid (operculum) . Conic, taper-pointed. 

 Teeth (peristome). Basilar membrane none or 

 scarcely visible; teeth very long, purple, twice or 

 three times twisted. 

 Annulus. None. 



Spores. Minute, greenish, translucent, smooth; 

 mature in May and June and late summer. 

 Distribution. Hills of the Southeastern States; also in Europe, 

 Asia, Africa, South America 



B. unguicu- 

 lata. Tip of 

 spore-case with 

 twisted teeth. 



Genus TORTULA, Hedw. 



The plants of this genus are variable in size with simple stems 

 forming yellow-green tufts on walls, rocks, or rarely on trees. 



The leaves are oblong or spatulate and are covered with 

 tiny protuberances. The apex is obtuse with the vein extending 



T. princeps. (a) Leaf, (b) Apex of leaf 

 tip with transparent awn. 



beyond as a point or as a long transpar- 

 ent hair. Toward the apex the cells are 

 six-sided, opaque and filled with chloro- 

 toward the base they are transparent 

 and elongated. 



The spore-cases are erect, oblong or cylindrical and 

 somewhat incurved on usually long pedicels. The 



1*76 



T. princeps. 

 Portion of 

 peristome. 



phyll grains: 



T. ruralis. 

 Tip of spore- 

 case, (a) Bas- 

 i lar m em - 

 b r a n e . (b) 

 Teeth. 



