Mosses and Lichens 



and red ; the upper leaves are larger, broader, not lying against 

 the stem; margin entire; vein vanishing below the apex; cells 

 round-hexagonal above, elongated and 

 rectangular at the base. It is not an 

 uncommon thing to find gemmae which 

 have fallen from the cups, entangled and 

 growing among the leaves. 



Leaves at the base of the pedicel (peri- 

 cbcetial leaves'). Lance-shaped, sheath- 

 ing elongated, rather obtuse. 



H obit of flowering. Male and female 

 flowers on the same plant (monoicous) ; 

 male flower-clusters bud-like at the 

 apex of the shoots which arise in 

 pairs. 



Veil (calyptra). White below, more 

 solid and red above, mitreform, reach- 

 ing to the middle of the spore-case, 

 irregularly folded lengthwise into 8 

 or 9 ridges, somewhat ragged at the 

 base. 



Spore-case. Erect, elongated, 

 cylindric, pale-brown with the mouth 

 red. 



Pedicel (seta). Straight, smooth, 

 purple; when dry twisted to the left in 

 the lower part, to the right above, }4 to 

 Y^ of an inch long. 



Lid (operculuni) . Thin, conical, 

 straight or oblique, 



Annulus. None. 



Teeib (peristome). Four, erect, brown, 

 pyramidal, grooved lengthwise on the 

 back, arising from below the rim of the 

 spore-case. 



Columella. Slender, cylindrical. 



Spores. Small, smooth, green, ma- 

 ture from July to September. 



Distribution. Widely in America, 

 Europe and Asia. 



G. pettucida. Fertile 

 plant, with male branch 

 at the left. 



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