Mosses and Lichens 



Spores. Mature in winter. 



Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia. 



The Wavy-leaved Catharinea, Catharinea 

 undulata, Web, & Mohr. 



Catharinea undulata differs from C. angustata 

 in the leaves being more acute and with margins 

 toothed throughout. Also it is a rather larger plant 

 with less-prominent lamellae and 

 with a monoicous inflorescence. 



Apex of leaf. 



Top of spore-case with 



Spore-case the teeth united near Cross section of a leaf to show 

 with veiL their tips to an epiphragm. lamellae erect from the vein. Leaf. 



C. undulata. 



HAIR-CAP MOSSES 



Genus POGONATUM, Beauv. 



The Pogonatum mosses grow in tufts on the ground, often 

 with a green felt of thread-like cells (protonema) at the base. The 

 plants are short and simple, or long and robust; with branches 

 starting below the leaves at the base of the pedicel, or half-way 

 up to the stem. The male plants continue to grow from the cen- 

 tre of a terminal rosette of bracts. 



The leaves are erect or spreading, the upper-half lance-shaped 

 or strap-shaped; the base is clasping, with large pale cells; 

 the margins are entire or serrate; the vein is broad, with numer- 

 ous lamellae occupying almost the entire width of the leaf-blade, 

 and with their terminal cells smooth or bearing tiny projections 

 (papillose). 



The generic name Pogonatum, from the Greek Tr&xy&n/, a beard, 

 refers to the veil, which is hairy and almost covers the spore-case. 



The spore-cases are cylindrical, but not angular. They are 



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