Mosses and Lichens 



margin, rolling back at the mouth irregularly to form a crown-like 

 border. 



Pedicel (seta). Rigid, erect, 

 straight, i inch high, deep pur- 

 ple, rough; the base (vaginule) 

 thick, covered with rusty hairs. 



Lid (operculum) . Short, 

 conic, obtuse, remaining for 

 a time attached to the columella 

 after separating at its margin. 



Teeth (peristome). The outer 

 of short irregular teeth; the inner, 

 a deeply plicate, funnel-shaped 

 membrane. 



Spores. Very small, mature 

 from April to September. *. <*Wfa. 



_ . \ ., , . r . . A , . . phyte with de- 



DlStnbUtlOn North Amen- pressed spore-case 



ica, Europe and Asia. and hairy vaginule 



at the base of rough 

 pedicel. 



B. aphylla. Top 

 of spore-case show- 

 ing the peristome 

 with cone of inner 

 membrane rising 

 from a cone of 

 outer teeth. 



THE FOUNTAIN MOSSES 

 Genus FONTINALIS, L. 



The species as the name suggests grow either submerged or 

 floating in streams and ponds. 



Peristome with latticed cone 

 protruding from outer teeth. 



Stem. 



F. antipyretica. 



Female branch with 

 immersed spore-case 

 at the summit. 



The plants are branched, often naked at the base. Every 

 third leaf is directly over the first one counted ; usually concave 

 or keeled, with a base often auricled and growing slightly down 



262 



