Mosses and Lichens 



apex ; surface covered with tiny protuberances ; base oblong-oval 



with ear-like and fringed appendages; cells dense, minute, round. 



Leaves at the base of the pedicel (perichcetial leaves}. 



Long and sheathing, tongue- 

 shaped toward the apex. 



Stem. 



A. apiculatus. 



Leaf. 



A. apiculatus. 

 Male flower-cluster. 



Habit of flowering. Male 

 and female flowers on separate 

 plants, (dioicous}. 

 Veil (calypira). Split up one side. 

 Spore-case. Egg-shaped or elliptical. 

 Pedicel (seta}. Short. 

 Lid (operculum). Conic, beaked. 



Teeth (peristome). Narrowly lance-shaped and awl-shaped, 

 cross-barred and knotty. Segments of the inner membrane very 

 short from a very narrow base, sometimes wanting. 



, 



l 



Female branch. 



. Lid. 

 Perichsetial 



leaf. Spore-case. 



A, apiculatus. 



Veil. 



Annulus. None. 

 Spores. Mature in autumn. 

 Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia. 



270 



