72 The Tariff and the Farmer. 



business. This is not only for his own advantage, but 

 his early forcing out improves the chance of those who 

 remain. Competition is less intense. 



Again, manufacture is divided into several hundred 

 non-competing groups. 



The census of 1900 groups the industry under 348 

 heads. Opposite the name of each division is given the 

 number of establishments, the amount of capital invested, 

 average number of wage-earners with total wages paid, 

 the cost of material, and the value of products, including 

 custom and repair work. A great many of the divisions 

 evidently include several distinctly separate branches. 

 So it is quite probable that manufacture is divided into 

 more than 400 non-competing groups. 



Let those who are incredulous of such a number stroll 

 through the rooms of a department store, or along the 

 streets of a populous city with its brilliant show windows, 

 and note the great variety of products exhibited. To a 

 large extent each one of them indicates a separate trade 

 or industrial group. 



This division was largely brought about by the factory 

 system which caused manufacturers generally to pursue 

 a single specialty. For it was seen that where attention 

 was centred upon a single object, or a part of a single 

 object, production being reduced to a few processes, ma- 

 chinery could be invented most nicely adapted to exact 

 requirements — the result being economy of material and 

 far greater efficiency in production, which increased the 

 size of the profits. 



Again, this division into groups comes from the nature 

 of the many kinds of raw material, and the adaptation of 

 the finished product to supply a great variety of human 

 wants. The metals, wood, leather, cotton and wool com- 



