132 The Tariff and the Fanner. 



The duties performed by the millions of those engaged 

 in the hundreds of manufacturing trades are so various 

 as to preclude any description of them. Sufficient to say 

 that the part performed by the average unit of persons 

 is restricted usually to the narrowest limits. In perhaps 

 the majority of cases it consists in waiting upon and 

 slightly assisting machinery in doing the work. This, 

 which at times requires a trained eye and a skilled hand, 

 the result of years of practice, is in the main largely of 

 a mechanical nature where the man is little more than a 

 part of the machine. AVhere the few motions involved 

 are continually repeated fifty or a hundred times a day, 

 vear in and vear out, little if anv mental effort is 

 required. Now as compared to a person whose daily 

 em2^1o^TQent this description fits, the carrying on of a 

 farm requires far superior attainments and should in 

 consequence receive a much larger reward. 



The Moke Impoktaxt Facts of the Chapter. 



(1) Statisticae. (a) An increase in value of total 

 agricultural property in the Xorth Atlantic Division in 

 ten years under low duties of about 46% ; and a decrease 

 in value of the same in two decades of highest protection 

 of nearlv 12%. 



(b) A gain in vahiG per farm of all farm property of 

 $904: in ten years of low duties, while forty years of high 

 protection shows a gain of only $11. 



(2) In New York, the very centre of the manufactur- 

 ing section, are abandoned farms containing 1,200,000 

 acres, while some of the leading agricultural counties of 

 the State show declines in total farm valuation since 1880 

 of from 10 to 40%. 



