CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE TREE. 



Stem, branches and roots, 1. Bark, 2. Sapwood, 3. Heartwood, 

 3. Boots, 3. Buds, 5. Leaves, 5. Flowers, 6. Fruit, 6. Seed, 6. 



Distribution of seeds, 7. 



TREE GROWTH. 



Assimilation, 8. Transpiration, 8. Mineral substances, 9. Soil 

 of woodlands improved, 9. Rest period of plants, 11. Amount of 

 water lost by trees in winter, 11. Second growth, 12. 



CHAPTER II. 



THE FOREST. 



Arboriculture, 13. Sylviculture, 13. Tree growth, 13. Sunlight, 

 13. Trees mutually helpful, 14. Soil conditions, 14. Water sup- 

 ply, 14. Relation between trees and soils, 15. Mechanical condi- 

 tion of land in forests, 16. Undergrowth in forests, 16. Forest 

 floor, 17. Subsoil, 17. Washing of soils, 17. Alkali soils, 18. 

 Effect of slope on forests, 18 : northern slope, 19; eastern slope, 19; 

 southern slope, 19; western slope, 20. 



CHAPTER III. 



FOREST INFLUENCES. 



On water supplies, 22 ; On precipitation, 26; on disposal of water 

 supplies, 27. 



Elements of Dissipation, 27; of conservation, 35; Distribution of 



vii 



