FOREST REGENERATION AND TREATMENT. 63 



signify the renewal of forest trees upon the land. It is 

 a convenient term and well worthy of general introduction 

 into the forest literature of this country. The different 

 forms of regeneration may be referred to as (1) regenera- 

 tion by natural seeding; (2) regeneration by artificial 

 seeding; (3) regeneration by sprouts and suckers (i.e. 

 coppice); (4) regeneration by planting seedlings; (5) re- 

 generation by planting cuttings. The method of regen- 

 eration best adapted for one section may not be at all 

 fitted for another under different conditions, and often 

 it is best to combine two or more of the different forms 

 of regeneration. 



Regeneration by Seed. Where natural regeneration Dy 

 seed can be easily brought about, it is generally the best 

 practice. This is especially true in sections where timber 

 is comparatively cheap, as is generally the case in this 

 country. It may be greatly assisted by stirring the sur- 

 face of the soil in good seed years and in other ways bring- 

 ing about conditions conducive to the germination and 

 growth of the seeds. Where it is practicable to use it, 

 a disk harrow is an admirable implement for breaking up 

 the soil so as to allow the germination of seeds. Where 

 a disk harrow cannot be used to advantage, and it can 

 seldom be so used on new land in this country, it is a good 

 plan to use a drag made by tying together several oak 

 branches or small logs. Good seed years do not occur 

 very often in our most desirable species, and it is very 

 important to take advantage of these good years when 

 they do come. At such times it is often a good practice 

 to make extra cuttings in order to let in light and air, as 

 well as to stir the soil and so make it possible to secure a 

 good catch of the seed. 



The methods adopted to secure natural regeneration by 

 seed may be divided into three systems, each of which 

 may be best adapted to some special conditions. These 



