140 ON SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 



(190.) In further reference to this table, we may 

 give Mr. Kirby's elucidation of many of the groups. 

 The Apoda terrestria (a) are allAnnelidce, or red-blooded 

 worms ; (6) are larvae ; (c) various Aptera, and the 

 bed bug ; (d) Nymphon Fab. ; (e) Scorpio ; (/) Spiders, 

 phalangers, and mites ; (g) lulus ; (h) Scolopendra ; 

 (i) Annelida : (&) This section is divided by the author 

 into thirteen tribes ; (/) Lepidoptera ; (m) Apis, Bom- 

 1>us, &c. ; (n) Vespidce ; (o) Andrena, Halictus, No- 

 mada, &c. ; (p) Crabro, Philanthus, Cerceris, &c. ; 

 (<?) Tenthredo L. ? Ichneumon, &c. ; (r) Trichoptera 

 K. ; (s) Pimpla manifestator, and other Ichneumonidce, 

 with a long ovipositor. Mr. Kirby justly observes, that 

 our great countrymen followed Swammerdam in the 

 unnatural separation of those diptera whose metamor- 

 phosis is coarctate from the rest ; and in associating with 

 them the Ichneumones minuti, whose metamorphosis is 

 really different. Into this error both were led by sys- 

 tem, or rather by founding their system upon one con- 

 sideration, to the exclusion of others. 



(191.) The system of Linnaeus will demand a much more 

 ample exposition than any of those coming within our 

 present notice ; for not only did the classification of the 

 animal kingdom, by this illustrious philosopher, super- 

 sede for nearly a century all others, but it developed a 

 simplicity and a grandeur of generalisation which was 

 admirably suited to the existing state of science. The 

 views of natural groups which it unfolded, were, in 

 most cases, superior to those of all others ; and, in con- 

 junction with that of Aristotle, may be said to have 

 indicated the large masses of which the true temple of 

 nature is composed. We shall first lay before our readers 

 the contents of each of the great classes into which the 

 illustrious Swede divides the animal kingdom, and then 

 subjoin to each such observations as are suggested by 

 their merits or defects. The edition of the Systema 

 Natures, which we shall select for our guide on this 

 occasion, is the thirteenth, " Vindobonae, 176?." 



(192.) The primary divisions of the Linnaean ar- 

 rangement of animals are six, namely : 1. Mammalia, 



