NATURAL SYSTEMS. MACLEAY's. 211 



animal kingdom ; in that of the Ametabola among the 

 classes of A nnulosa, and of the Coleoptera among the orders 

 of Mandibulata. It is a disposition,, also, which can 

 scarcely have escaped our notice on examining the genus 

 Phanoeus, the fifth type of which contains insects re- 

 sembling all the other types, together with P. carnifeoc, 

 which has a form peculiar to this fifth type. What 

 this fifth type is to Phanaus, Gymnopleurus is to the 

 genus ScarabcBiis ; that is, while it has a form peculiar 

 to itself in G. flagellatus, it contains insects varying in 

 the structure of those parts which remain constant in 

 the other sub-genera."* 



(26*4.) In the foregoing extracts, we trace the first per- 

 ception of that system of representation which we have 

 elsewhere enlarged upon t, and which there is every pre- 

 sumptive evidence to believe exists throughout nature. 

 Not only does one of the five groups contain types of 

 all the rest, together with a form peculiar to itself; but 

 this principle pervades every natural group, whether 

 large or small. The principle is, undoubtedly, the dis- 

 covery of Mr. MacLeay ; and had he prosecuted his re- 

 searches, and followed the clue thus afforded him, 

 very little, on this subject, would have been left us 

 to elucidate. This representation, which he supposed 

 to be partial that is, confined to one only out of the 

 five groups we have found to be universal, and belong- 

 ing equally to the other four. 



(265.) We have been induced to devote more space to 

 the developement of the leading principles of this sys- 

 tem, than we should otherwise have done, on many 

 important accounts. First, because it is unquestionably 

 the first which clearly defined any one philosophic prin- 

 ciple of classification ; so that, strictly speaking, we must 

 date the first partial developement of natural arrange- 

 ment, from the publication of the Horce Entomologicce. 

 Lamarck, it is true, traced the outlines of the circle, without 

 knowing that he had done so : while Mr. MacLeay, 



* Hor. Ent. 518. f Northern Zoology 



