1O6 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT. 



two wheat enemies have been subdued in a great measure by parasites, nothing of 

 the kind has made much impression on the Apple Moth ; and from its habits of life 

 we have little reason to hope for relief in that direction. We must help ourselves, 

 and the sooner we begin the better. 



Figure i , Plate 9, represents the larva or caterpillar of the Apple Moth rest- 

 ing on a portion of the core of an apple. It is usually five-eighths, sometimes three- 

 quarters of an inch in length, and is about one-eighth in thickness or diameter 

 nearly double the size of the grub of the Curculio. It is of a reddish color, often a 

 decided pink. This worm has all the characteristics of a caterpillar ; six true legs at 

 the head end of the body, and eight prop or fleshy legs. The head is sometimes 

 dark-brown, and sometimes glossy black. It is to some extent a silk-making cater- 

 pillar. Throw it off suddenly from its resting-place, and it will often let itself down 

 with a cord, as a span-worm does. This will never be done by the grub of a beetle 

 or the maggot of a fly. It will not go into the ground, as the grub of the Curculio 

 does, but will climb up the body of a neighboring tree. The Pears, Figures 2 and 3 

 of this Plate, are the Beurre Clairgeau ; a variety that often suffers from the depreda- 

 tions of this enemy, though not as often as the Bartlett, or some of the small early 

 kinds. The borings on Figure 2 are an uncommon appearance, and show where a 

 well-grown worm has made an entrance from the outside. The borings of the Apple 

 Worm are nearly always found in the shape of a round plug of the pulp of the fruit, 

 forced out from within through a hole about the size of one made by a small gimlet. 

 This indicates that the worm or caterpillar has come to its growth, and will soon push 

 out this plug entirely, and then escape. Whether this worm leaves the inside of the 

 fruit at night only, has been a subject of investigation to some extent, but I have not 

 evidence enough to establish the point. It may be an instinct in common with many 

 other insects, to leave such retreats only in the dark, when it will be more secure from 

 bird enemies. I certainly often see these plugs filling up the holes in the daytime, 

 and find next morning that they have been pushed out, and I have never seen one 

 of the worms escaping during the day. 



The appearance in Figure 3 is a very common one. The Moth usually deposits 

 her egg at the blossom end of the young fruit; and just within the calyx is a tender 

 spot, where the minute larva from that egg finds an easy entrance to the interior. In 

 that part of the fruit under these dark spots it will be found feeding until it is aquar- 



