1IO INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT. 



would be most tempting morsels for both birds and poultry. Ants also would be 

 formidable enemies of such worms. To ascertain how iheir instinct of self-preserva- 

 tion would manifest itself, I have often collected a number, and placed them in the 

 vicinity of a tree. They creep about at random for a little while ; but if not too far 

 off, most of them will soon be seen going in the direction of such tree. 



In the spring of 1860, when the seventeen-year locusts were coming up out of the 

 ground, I often tried this experiment with them, and uniformly with the same result. 

 Put them down anywhere within ten feet of a tree, their course would soon be directed 

 towards it ; and no matter how often they fell back in struggling over the grass and 

 other obstructions, nothing diverted them from their path. Whether they could 

 see or not is hard to say. Until within a few minutes they had never been in daylight ; 

 eyes to them, in all their seventeen years' experience underground, would have been 

 as useless as to the fishes in the Mammoth Cave. How long the apple-worm cater- 

 pillar will creep about how many trees it will ascend and descend in search of this 

 place of concealment, I do not know ; but this instinct would indicate a perseverance 

 till the end was accomplished. If we had no way of trapping this enemy it would 

 teach us to keep our trees clear of all rough bark, let the poultry have free access to 

 the orchards, and protect the birds, a, Fig. i, is the caterpillar or larva of the Apple 

 Moth as seen in one half of its cocoon. It has been thus exposed in taking off this 

 scale from the tree. Fig. 3 is a part of its cocoon. The ring is formed by the chips 

 or nibblings that it makes in digging out the little cavities; and this ring, or ridge, 

 fills up the space between the scale and true bark. Both saucer-shaped cavities are 

 usually lined with a delicate silken cocoon. The part of this cocoon attached to the 

 ring is shown in this figure. (It must be remembered that this ring and the part of the 

 cocoon attached, made the other part of the house that covered snugly this now 

 exposed worm.) These Apple Moth larvae, such as <z, Fig. i, can be found in this 

 stage at least nine months of the year. Those that come out of the later apples and 

 pears remain as caterpillars through the fall and winter, and many of them till quite 

 late in the spring; then, during two or three weeks, they will be found in the pupa 

 or chrysalis state, as shown at Fig. 4. Then in June the cases will often be seen, as 

 shown at Fig. 5, the moth having escaped. In taking off scales of bark at this time, 

 or even in approaching a tree, the moth will often flutter away almost unperceived. 

 It is so nearly the color of the bark as seldom to be noticed when at rest. This is 



