112 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT. 



of our climate. That " the wind is tempered to the shorn lamb," is an expression 

 often used, and by many it is believed to be scriptural. The winds pay very little 

 regard to insects, but insects are wonderfully adapted to the winds. I, Figure i, is a 

 representation of another cocoon; one that has not been injured in taking off the 

 sqale of bark, and the larva within not disturbed. This cocoon is of an unusual 

 shape, but the builder was evidently crowded by neighbors, and had to be guided 

 by circumstances, c shows where one has been that has escaped as a moth, d and e 

 in Figure i, and d and e in Figure 2, indicate holes in the inside and outside of 

 the same scale of bark. These holes have been made directly into the cocoons of 

 these caterpillars, and those cocoons robbed of their contents by the bird, Figure 7, 

 the Downy Woodpecker. The holes in the piece of bark, Figure 6, are different- 

 They are parallel, and have not been made in a dry scale, but in the green bark, 

 where no insects live. Figure 8 is the bird that makes these the Yellow-bel- 

 lied Woodpecker. Figure 10 is the Chick-a-dee, an occasional feeder on the Apple 

 worm. These heads, as represented in the colored edition of this work, strikingly 

 resemble the originals ; but the ornithologist will notice defects. They do not look 

 as the same birds do in Wilson or Audubon. The positions are not similar. The 

 plumage also differs, but that may be owing to the age of the bird. An ornithologist 

 chooses his specimens from birds at full maturity, and at a season of the year when 

 the plumage is the most perfect. These were shot to ascertain what their stomachs 

 contained; and as two of them were proved to have been usefully employed, their 

 likenesses were painted to commemorate their good deeds, and not to exhibit them 



* 



as types of beauty. Our investigations in regard to the insect enemies of fruits 

 would be only partial, if no attempts were made to ascertain how far the birds are 

 useful to us in controlling them. 



We can approach some of the smaller birds so closely as to be able to see 

 what they eat. A field glass will often aid us in such investigations ; but this source 

 of knowledge is not always reliable. The works on ornithology give us some 

 information on the food question. Wilson, Audubon, and others, often accompany 

 their figures of birds with illustrations of fruits, berries, and insects, intended ro 

 show that these are the food of such birds. But this subject is not a primary consi- 

 deration in any of these works. The Ninth Annual Report of the Massachusetts 

 Board of Agriculture contains an admirable article of about thirty pages on the use- 



