132 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT. 



Some were between folds of the leather, some far in the crevices, and others in the 

 fissures of the bark ; the leather in this case answering the same purpose as the scales 

 or layers of bark on Apple and Pear trees, and of course affording more protection 

 from birds. Two feet higher up I had wrapped three coils of hay-rope, and there I 

 found five more. 



Aug. 12. At Mine Hill, Morris Co., N. J. The country improved by the 

 rains all green ; pasture good; none of the brown, parched appearance of Western 

 New York a week ago. The heat, though severe, is not at all so oppressive as in 

 the cities. Here I can rest ; sleep comes again ; can sleep in the woods or under the 

 Apple trees. The heated brain is cooling off; the tension relaxing ; mind is return- 

 ing, and I am beginning to think. Apples fall around me, not at regular intervals, but 

 often, day and night. A breeze rattles them down all all wind-falls. Attraction 

 of gravitation brings them to the ground, but the Apple Moth gives gravitation the 

 chance. Sleep again, and dream about Newton, the Principia, and Fruit enemies. 

 Wake up ; cut apples till knife and hands are black and sticky ; find no grubs of the 

 Curculio, but hundreds and thousands of their marks. From some cause or other, 

 they have come to an early end generally before they had destroyed the vitality of 

 the apple. The Codling Moth enemy is the present cause of the most of this drop- 

 ping. In cutting into these apples I often fijid one of the caterpillars, plump, full 

 grown, and pink-colored, but most of them have already escaped ; their excavations 

 like black and mouldy caverns, the little pellets of their castings tied up together 

 with silken cor 's, and often stowed away in some deserted part. 



As this caterpillar approaches full growth it makes an opening, generally 

 through one side of the Apple or Pear, sometimes near the stem, occasionally at the 

 blossom end, and there will be collections of the drillings pushed out, often looking 

 like the chips in the side of a gimlet after boring unseasoned hemlock wood. This 

 hole will sometimes remain plugged up for a time with these borings, and if you 

 make an examination then, the worm will be found; but soon it will push out this 

 plug and escape, whether the fruit is on the tree or on the ground. It has now come 

 to the end of the eating period of life. In those Apples and Pears that ripen early, 

 they mostly fall before the worm is grown, and it would then become the victim of 

 the domestic animals, if these animals could have the chance ; but at this time of the 

 season most of the fruit hangs on till after the worm has escaped. 



When it leaves the fruit, whether by day or night ; and how it comes down 

 the tree, whether by a cord or by creeping; it is hard to know, The next business is 

 to find a suitable place of concealment from its enemies, and there to form its little 



