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AMERICAN FORESTRY 



occurs over the greater part of eastern United States. 

 Good descriptions of it will be found in most all the 

 works devoted to the plants of the region just named. 



Dissimilar as they are in general appearance, in all the 

 botanies we find the Spotted Wintergreen (Figure 7) 

 placed, in classification, as a close relative of the Indian 

 Pipe; but then, as pointed out elsewhere, the Heath 

 family, composed as it is of both shrubs and herbs, is a 

 very heterogenous assemblage of plants. The Spotted 

 Wintergreen referred to, Chimaphila maculata, is gener- 

 ally found growing in dense pine woods, where, with its 

 dark green, white-striped leaves, it is a plant sure of 

 attracting attention. The form of the leaves, as well as 

 the appearance of the flowers, are well shown in the ac- 

 companying illustration. 

 Individual plants differ 

 with respect to the striping 

 of the leaves, some being 

 very strong and conspicu- 

 ous, and also as to the 

 number of flowers. Often 

 the latter is single; but as 

 a matter of fact, there may 

 be as many as five on one 

 plant. The leaves are 

 pointed and remotely 

 toothed along their mar- 

 gins; moreover, they are 

 generally curved from stem 

 to point, the convex sur- 

 f a c e being uppermost, 

 which latter is quite shiny. 

 The white striping is on 

 the upper aspect and in the 

 neighborhood of the ribs 

 or veins. Pipsissiwa may 

 attain a height of eight or 

 nine inches, but the ma- 

 jority of plants met with 

 are shorter than this. It 

 flowers during mid-sum- 

 mer, and has a range over 

 the northern tier of States 

 to Minnesota, southward 

 to Georgia and Mississippi. 

 As will be noted in the cut, 

 the stalks bearing the 

 beautiful flowers are long, 

 slender and generally 

 straight; they are, too, of 

 a bright ruddy color. Each flower is borne at the end 

 of a separate downward-curved stem, which is about 

 an inch in length. Before bursting open, they are 

 pretty little white balls, with their stems more distinctly 

 curved downward, than they are after blooming. 



A close relative of the Spotted Wintergreen is another 

 Pipsissiwa, called Prince's Pine {Chimaphila umbellata) ; 

 it is said to be more abundant than the Spotted form, with 

 its leaves arranged in two whorls about the stem at 



Fig. 7 IN THE HEATH FAMILY WE ALSO HAVE THE GENUS 

 Chimaphila, OF WHICH THERE ARE TWO SPECIES. THE PLANT 

 HERE SHOWN IS ONE OF THEM, ITS COMMON NAME BEING THE 

 SPOTTED WINTERGREEN (C. maculata) 



Chimaphila derives its name from two Greek words, which together mean 

 to love the winter. 



quite an interval apart. These leaves are not pointed as 

 in C. maculata, but broadened at their outer ends ; neither 

 are they spotted. They are shiny and curved downwards. 

 The flowers of this species closely resemble those of the 

 Spotted variety, and rarely exceed five to the plant ; its 

 range is about the same. 



Closely related to these Chimaphilas are two other 

 genera, namely, the genus Monesis and the genus Pyrola. 

 In the first we have the One-flowered Pyrola (M. uni- 

 flora) and in the latter the Shin-leaf {Pyrola eleliptica). 

 The last-named ones, says Reed, "is the most common of 

 the Pyrolas. The evergreen leaves are bright green, 

 obscurely toothed, broadly elliptical, and narrowing into 

 long stems that clasp at the base. During May a long, 



smooth scape springs from 

 the middle of the group of 

 basal leaves to a height of 

 five or ten inches, bearing, 

 near its top, a raceme of 

 several flowers. It is com- 

 mon throughout the Uni- 

 ted States and southern 

 Canada." Reed does not 

 say what the flowers are 

 like, while another author 

 at hand says that there are 

 from seven to fifteen of 

 these ; that they are waxen, 

 greenish-white in color, 

 and very fragrant. As its 

 name indicates, the One- 

 flowered Wintergreen or 

 Pyrola bears but a single 

 flower on its upright stem, 

 which is usually about five 

 inches in height, though 

 frequently it is much 

 shorter. The flower is 

 either white or pale pink, 

 and does not differ very 

 widely from a Wintergreen 

 blossom. It is waxy and 

 has five petals, and often 

 measures half an inch 

 across. At first the upper 

 end of the stem is crooked 

 over; but after going to 

 seed, the pod stands erect 

 at the summit of the stem. 

 Sometimes it occurs grow- 

 ing in colonies, and is then sure of attracting atten- 

 tion. This is invariably in the high, dry woods of 

 the northeastern section of. the United States, westward 

 to Minnesota, and southward to the District of Columbia. 

 It is usually in flower along in mid-summer, and it surely 

 is one of the prettiest little plants of our woodland flora. 

 Passing from flowers to Owls, attention is here invited 

 to the Barred Owl {Strix v. varia) which has, for over 

 two years, occupied a commodious cage all to himself in 



