102 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



than the Ajiierican holly the English holly (Ilex aqui- 

 folium) may be used. This will hardly attain a height 

 of over twenty feet and it has the same lustrous foliage. 

 There are many named varieties of the English holly 

 each with different shape of leaf or habit of growth, so 

 that almost any reasonable desire could be gratified. In 

 general, however, the leaves are very much like the 

 American holly and it has the added attraction of bearing 

 red berries in even greater abundance than 'the Ameri- 

 can holly. It, like the American holly, bears the staminate 

 and pistillate flowers on different plants so that to insure 

 berries it is important to have both sorts of plants close 

 to one another. These may be obtained either by pur- 

 chasing trees that have been 

 grafted from trees that 

 have the characters that 

 are desired, or by selecting 

 tne appropriate plants after 

 tney have reached sufficient 

 size to flower and show 

 their characteristics. This 

 holly is not hardy much 

 north of Washington. 



The Japanese holly (Ilex 

 crenata) is a small holly 

 that has many small 

 branches more suggestive 

 oi the Japanese barberry 

 than the other hollies in its 

 general character of 

 growth. The leaves are 

 small, suggestive of box- 

 wood, and wavy edged in- 

 stead of being sharp 

 toothed. The berries are 

 black and therefore not 

 showy like those of the 

 other two plants just men- 

 tioned. An attractive na- 

 tive holly is the Yaupon 

 {Ilex vomit oria) or cas- 

 sena that is much used 

 along the Gulf as a hedge 

 plant and also makes an at- 

 tractive individual speci- 

 men. Its leaves are wavy 



THE HOLLY-LEAVED TEA OLIVE 



This is found hardy as far north as Washington. The edging 

 is the variegated form of the creeping euonymbus. 



edged like the Japanese holly without the prickles of the 

 English and American hollies. They hang on until the 

 new leaves are about to appear, so it is hardly a true ever- 

 green. The berries are scarlet and very abundant. It is 

 native near the coa.st from Virginia southward. It at- 

 tains a height of twelve or fifteen feet. Another similar 

 native holly is the Dahoon {Ilex dahoon), which also has 

 spineless leaves that are shed just as the new leaves ap- 

 pear. It is native farther inland than the yaupon as well 

 as in the same area. This, too, makes almost a small tree. 

 .Another native holly that is truly a shrub is the gall-berry 

 or ink-l)crry {Ilex glabra). This is a true evergreen with 



dark shining leaves. It grows to a height of two to four 

 feet and has an abundance of black berries. 



In order to successfully transplant the American holly 

 it is essential that all the leaves be removed at the time of 

 transplanting and the same practice should be followed 

 with the other native hollies and it would probably be best 

 to treat all the hollies in the same manner unless it is 

 possible to get nursery grown plants with unusually good 

 balls of earth about the roots. 



The evergreen euonymus {Euonymus japonicus) is a 

 dense upright shrub with large, glossy evergreen leaves 

 with slightly wavy margins. It attains a height of eight 

 feet, but is rather formal in outline. The leaves hold 



their lustrous color all 

 through the winter even as 

 far north as New York 

 City. There is a form that 

 has leaves variegated with 

 golden yellow. Where a 

 variegated plant is war- 

 ranted this is one of the 

 best. There is also a dwarf 

 form with small narrow 

 foliage known as the small 

 leaved evergreen euony- 

 mus (. japonicus micro- 

 phyllus or sometimes E. 

 pulchcllus). It is useful in 

 foreground planting or for 

 low borders or hedges. 



The Japanese privet 

 { Ligustrtim japonicum) is 

 very similar in appearance 

 to the evergreen euonymus 

 just mentioned and has si- 

 milar uses. The leaves, if 

 anything, are somewhat 

 darker and sometimes the 

 mid-rib and margin are 

 reddish. The flowers of this 

 shrub are almost white, fol- 

 lowed by bluish black ber- 

 ries. It will ultimately at- 

 tain a height of twenty 

 feet or more. Another Jap- 

 anese privet is Ligustrtim 

 lucidum, which has thick dark shining leaves that are 

 also very attractive. It does not get quite so large as the 

 one just mentioned. Another smaller Japanese privet 

 with immense dark green leaves is Liguslrum microphyl- 

 lum. This attains a height of 12 or 15 feet. 



Among the best known of the characteristic southern 

 plants to the casual visitor is probably the cape jasmine 

 or gardenia {Gardenia florida). This is a' small shrub 

 with dark glossy green leaves and exceedingly fragrant, 

 handsome white flowers. The shrub attains a height of 

 six feet and bears flowers all summer. It is not hardy 

 north of the coast region of Virginia and the less moun- 

 tainous sections of Tennessee. There is also a dwarf 



