.K) 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



HERE WE HAVE THE CHARACTERISTIC 

 CONK AND FOLIAGE OF THE JERSEY OR 

 SCRUB PINE {Pinus virginiana). 



Fig. 1 Note that its needle-like leaves are ar- 

 ranged in pairs, and that the dark scales of the 

 cone are armed at their tips with a sharp prickle, 

 turned backwards. 



THIS IS THE JERSEY PINE IN FLOWER 

 AND SHOWS THE YOUNG AND PERSISTENT 

 OLD CONES ON THE SAME TREE. 

 Fig. 2 Jersey pines are quite abundant in south- 

 ern Maryland and throughout the District of Co- 

 lumbia, where this specimen was obtained. 



tal sciences upon which forestry 

 rests. It is the botany of trees, and 

 has three distinct branches of equal 

 importance to the forester: (i) Tree 

 physiology and pathology, life pro- 

 cesses of trees in health and 

 disease; (2) tree anatomy and hist- 

 ology, the structure, gross and min- 

 ute, of trees; (3) systematic botany, 

 a study of the kinds of trees in 

 order to know them by name." 



This latter branch has already been 

 mentioned ; and to what this author points out for us, it may be added that 

 the economic study of trees is another extensive department for considera- 

 tion, as the relative value and uses of the various kinds of woods furnished 

 by trees; the economic value. and uses of their bark, sap, seeds, leaves, fruit, 

 special parts, roots, and the like. A full consideration of all of these depart- 

 ments would carry us far into the uses of all these materials in the arts, in 

 science, in medicine and surgery, and no end of other activities in which 

 men engage. 



We also have the historical study of trees in fact as well as in fable. 



As a matter of fact, enough has already been touched upon in the fore- 

 going paragraphs to make clear what a tremendous and vital part trees 

 play, and have played, in the history and welfare of man upon earth. It 

 is no wonder then that such wide and far-reaching study has been be- 

 stowed upon them and that since the very dawn of history. 



When one comes to make a very serious study of our trees not only 

 should a small library on the subject be invested in but the parts of tree9 

 should be collected and preserved, with the view of forming a study-collec- 



tion for reference and for the demonstration to others of ascertained facts 

 in the science. Best suited for this purpose are the buds and leaves of 

 trees ; their seeds or fruit, and in the case of some species their preserved 

 flowers. To this end one should have the appliances for the preservation of 

 leaves and flowers; a first-class high-power microscope and its accessories; 

 a suitable camera and complete photographic outfit; if an artist, an artist's 

 outfit in addition. There is quite a long list of other requirements, as thel 

 apparatus for making black leaf impressions ; what is required for the 

 skeletonizing of leaves; and, finally, a number of field tools, as tree-climbers, 

 saw, carry-case, and the like. Specimens of the photography of leaves will 

 be shown in Parts II. and III. of the present series together with correct 

 methods along that line. 



What will be taken up especially in this place will be the collecting, prepa- 

 ration and permanent preservation of leaves. This is a most important and 

 interesting occupation and not at all difficult as to cultivation and accomplish- 

 ment. One needs a good letter-press 

 such as was formerly used for copy- 

 ing letters; a supply of sheets of soft 

 white blotting-paper (many students 

 use simply newspapers for pressing) ; 

 folios for permanent preservation and 

 the formation of the leaf-herbarium, 

 and, finally, such small though very 

 necessary accessories as paste, scis- 

 sors, fastening slips, varnish, and so 

 on. As to varnishing pressed leaves, 

 there are many opinions held ; on the 

 whole it seems far better to get along 

 entirely without resorting to it. 



Leaves gathered and preserved for 

 study should be collected at all times 



TWIGS OF THE COMMON RED CEDAR (/<- 

 fcrus virginiana). WITH PERSISTENT LEAF 

 TWIGS OF THE YOUNG TREE. 



Fig. 3 Another name for this tree is the Red 

 Juniper; it often grows along old stone fences and 

 tumble-down rail fences that surround the fields of 

 antiquated farms. 



