152 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



"THE SENTINEL," A GRAND SPECIMEN OF THE TULIP TREE 

 U.iriodcndron tutiptfera). THIS SPECIES IS ONE OF THE MOST IN- 

 TERESTING TREES IN OUR COUNTRY TO STUDY. 



Fig. 34 The camera is the most efficient aid to tree study, and an album 

 giving photographs of all "* 

 nave been taken, will fo 

 reference and comparison. 



giving photographs of all the species of trees, from which your leaves 

 nave been taken, will form records of the greatest possible value for 



ly it has never been carried to other countries for any 

 purpose. 



A word in regard to where to draw the line between 

 what constitutes a tree and what a shrub may not be 

 altogether out of place here. Misconceptions often arise 

 from faulty descriptions of botanists, especially in regard 

 to recorded heights. Heights, rather than contour or 

 form, seem to decide in most cases ; but then, the heights 

 are often very far from correctly stated. A single ex- 

 ample may be chosen by way of illustration for a great 

 many found in botanical text-books. The common But- 

 ton Bush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), Fig. 38, will 

 answer the purpose very well. Newhall speaks of it as 

 "a vigorous shrub about four feet high;" Julia Rogers 

 leaves it out of her "Tree Book" entirely; while Neltje 

 Blanc h a n re- 

 fers to it as "a 

 shrub 3 to 12 

 feet high," and 

 Gray : "Usual- 

 ly a shrub with 

 us, rarely ar- 

 borescent and 

 five or six me- 

 ters high," 

 that is, over 20 

 feet high. In 

 this connection 

 it is well to re- 

 member that 

 J a p a nese ar- 

 b o r iculturists 

 have produced 

 trees not over 

 ten inches high, 

 especially cer- 



though every opportunity is offered 

 for its cultivation. When we see the 

 tree on private estates in this coun- 

 try, it is generally a leftover from 

 the clearing away of the timber. 



Tulip tree wood is used for many 

 purposes, while a tonic drug is ex- 

 tracted from its bark. It is in use 

 by boat builders, and in the fac- 

 tories the pulp is employed for mak- 

 ing "postal cards." As with many 

 other woods of the kind, it also 

 furnishes the sort from which 

 shingles are made ; also the long 

 handles for brooms. The wood- 

 work of some parts of house deco- 

 ration is in poplar, as are utensils in 

 the kitchen, especially chopping 

 bowls, in which meat, cabbage, and 

 so on is hashed up. 



China has a true tulip tree of the 

 genus Liriodendron ; but apparent- 



THIS IS THE WAY THE TULIP TREE BUDS 

 AND SENDS FORTH ITS LEAVES IN THE 

 EARLY DAYS OF SPRING 



Fig. 37 This is another useful illustration, to 

 speak a word for the camera in the matter of 

 collecting such photographs; they are valuable 

 from any point of view we may consider them. 



LEAVES OF THE TULIP TREE SHOWING 

 THE DIFFERENT PATTERNS THEY AS- 

 SUME. FROM THE SAME TREE 



Fig. 36 Here is an excellent example to illus- 

 trate the necessity for extensive comparison of 

 ample material before finally passing on the ques- 

 tion of the limitation of leaf forms. 



tain species related to the conifers. 

 They have all the characters of big 

 trees, only they have been subordinat- 

 ed in the matter of size to the mini- 

 mum. So there seem to be no hard 

 and fast lines in such matters; we 

 may have shrub-like trees as well as 

 tree-like shrubs. 



Be all this as it may, it will in no 

 way affect the various attractions of 

 our Buttonbush, for the fragrance of 

 its beautiful flowers in the spring is 

 simply delightful; and when several 

 of them, in full bloom, are ranged 



