this Goldenrod was 

 lata; but it has now 

 of Nuttall, and in 

 stands as Euthamia 

 grammifolia. (p. 

 797.) One of its 

 principal characters 

 is the fact that it 

 is flat-topped; the 

 ends of the several 

 flower bunches 

 composing its 

 plume are, as a 

 whole, in the same 

 plane superiorly, 

 and not brought up 

 in a conical fash- 

 ion, as in so many 

 other species. It 

 has several com- 

 mon names, as the 

 Lance-leaved Gold- 

 enrod, and the 

 Bushy or Fragrant 

 Goldenrod. An- 

 other character by 

 which it may be 

 identified in this 

 most puzzling as- 

 semblage of plants, 

 is that its leaves are 

 lance-shaped ; t h e 

 form they assume 

 is well shown in 

 Figure 5 of the 

 present article, 

 where, too, it is 

 seen that their 

 edges are smooth 

 and even, or not 

 toothed. In color 

 they are a light 

 green, with from 

 three to five ribs 

 running the whole 

 length of them. 



The terminol- 

 ogy for leaf- de- 

 scription will be 

 given pretty soon 

 in one of my arti- 

 cles, when it will 

 be much easier to 

 comprehend the 

 meaning of the 

 terms commonly 

 used by botanists 

 everywhere in 

 order to describe 



STUDYING PLANTS IN WINTER 



formerly known as Solidago lanceo- 

 been removed to the genus Euthamia 

 the last edition of Gray's Botanv it 



THESE HAVE A DECIDEDLY PRACTICAL VALUE 



genera and a few spec" s* W^see here the EJLfffl f 8 T P ta this C0U ? t , r T- indudi " three 



^<>-). an interesting and irnportant olan in ?* f > c mm "'>l d card teazel (.Dipsacus 



and therefore is not used commercials Tn \ CW P artICU * It ii 'are in the United States 

 in the manufacture of woolenTthso various W? S P VZ* f Engla , nd the teaze ' heads are >ed 

 answer this purpose far better than ? TnnTthL, Z S ' they t re used to raise the na P'" a "d they 



the material" whereas a car" teaze" head w w * ^- y ^, been able t0 make - Metal n tear 

 during the nap-raising process breaks and a^T^v .1 '" th ' S 'l lu5 t 1 atl ?- when seriously obstructed 

 brought by the ton into England I b e fo ? the 1 ;!S tStbe ^ r ' C,, " b 7' ora -. They were 

 why these card teazels should not htrlUTtZ^ France and Germany, and there is no reason 



goods are so largely manufactured TW ,, ,h S \ me P ur ? m the United States, where woolen 

 handle, and then tn^uraf tool is rladv S t foiT 9 X scra P in * the thorny stem to make a 

 even the upper surface of the lL" f , y Lj 'vi. at H e wl " not b wse upon this plant, as often 

 animal. The bases of the ulleAltlS Z^i^ pr,c jf'- es that wo , uld tear tbe tongue of a brows ng 

 collect Country people win tell vo ?th7hu! - r- a " d '" '-? p0cket thus formed the rain and d 

 small insects, these Venu" Cups o? Bas?ns In leed^ CUFe f " wart - \* a Kod place to collect 

 a card teazel, for which there "s^ot suff dent o m here mU m re ' ** Sa ' d Eb Ut the head f 



735 



these very important structures in the vegetable world 



i i r ?" gh0Ut thC Middk Atlantic States this Lance- 

 leaved Goldenrod flourishes from July to September, 



being found prin- 

 cipally along river 

 and creek banks, 

 along roadsides, 

 and, in some in- 

 stances, growing so 

 luxuriantly as to 

 almost entirely fill 

 an extensive low 

 meadow, extend- 

 ing, perhaps, from 

 stream to stream. 

 The Goldenrod 

 standing next to 

 this, on the right 

 hand side of the 

 picture (Fig. 5), is 

 a specimen of the 

 Yellow-weed or 

 Canada Goldenrod 

 (Solidago canaden- 

 sis). This is prob- 

 ably the most abun- 

 dant of all in this 

 elegant assemblage 

 of flowers, and it is 

 found from British 

 Columbia and east- 

 ward, and south- 

 ward to include the 

 Floridan peninsula. 

 It is a tall, stoutish 

 plant, with a leaf 

 that, when typical, 

 is quite unmistak- 

 able; they are 

 pointed at both 

 ends, rough above 

 and rather woody 

 below, with saw- 

 toothed edges. This 

 latter character is, 

 however, absent in 

 the leaves highest 

 up on the stems. 

 Note that in the 

 Canada Goldenrod 

 the flower-bunches 

 are so arranged 

 that they, as a 

 whole, form a 

 pointed pyramid 

 with the summit 

 above. Finally I 

 may say of the 

 leaves that they are 



