12 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



financially is, therefore, open to argument. Unquestion- 

 ably there is room for both of these methods. There is 

 far too big an area of the upland hardwood type to 

 permit of its conversion to pine on a wholesale scale. 

 The individual owner will find a relatively small area 

 planted to pine all that he wants to work with. This is 

 true because such plantations require a great deal of 

 work in lopping back hardwood sprouts and seedlings 

 of inferior species, which threaten to overtop the pines. 

 When the gypsy moth is present, as is the situation in 



SELECTION CUTTING 



This showr a selection cutting in the hemlock type. The timber was 



about 100 years old and the openings made by this cutting are 



already stocked with hemlock seedlings. 



the eastern portion of Southern New England, there is 

 more reason for attempting to convert the hardwood 

 type on a large scale to pine. 



Some owners situated near good cordwood markets 

 are making thinnings in their hardwood stands at an 

 immediate profit. From their beneficial effect on the 

 growth and increased yield of timber such thinnings 

 are recommended even if the returns only offset the 

 cost of the work. 



Swamp Hardwood. This type is usually cut clear and 

 allowed to reproduce by coppice shoots. Growth in these 

 swamps is rather slow. The ground is difficult to log 

 except in the coldest weather when frozen. 



Pine Type Pine in Southern New England grows 

 naturally on both light sandy soils and on heavy soils 

 when it associates with hardwoods. On the former type 

 of soil, natural reproduction can be successfully secured 

 by removing the old stand in two cuttings. The first 



cutting takes out 40 to 60 per cent of the timber, leaving 

 the balance well distributed over the area to furnish seed 

 and shade to young seedlings. In a few years repro- 

 duction starts and within five or ten years, the remainder 

 of the timber may be removed. A good illustration of 

 what can be done in the way of getting natural repro- 

 duction of white pine on sandy lands may be observed 

 on the property of the A. D. Bridge & Sons Company, 

 near Hazardville. 



On heavy soils, hardwoods compete with the white 

 pine and usually reproduce before the pine. On such 

 lands, probably the best policy is to cut the pine clear 

 and then replant the area after this cutting. 



Old Field Type. Planting is the treatment required 

 and commonly practiced for this type. White or red 

 pines are used in planting. Southern New England lies 

 quite largely south (or below in elevation), the range of 



THINNING FOR CORDWOOD 



A profitable thinning for cordwood in the hardwood type. The re- 

 maining trees will be left to grow to sawlog size. 



wild ribes. In portions of northwestern Connecticut wild 

 ribes are abundant. Elsewhere they are relatively scarce. 

 Since the ribes are the hosts supporting one stage of 

 the white pine blister rust, their presence or absence in 

 the region is largely instrumental in determining the 

 advisability of planting white pine. Outside of north- 

 western Connecticut, and possibly other small restricted 

 areas, it may be considered safe to continue planting this 

 tree. Red pine, due to its greater hardiness and freedom 

 from insect pests, as well as from blister rust, is often 



