The Tree The Memorial That Lives 



As trees grow they will need pruning. This require- 

 ment can be met by going over the trees during the sum- 

 mer when the amount of top to be removed can be more 

 easily determined than in the winter months. The winter 

 is a favorable time for pruning, however, and is devoted 

 to this work by many city foresters and arborists. The 

 matter of pruning is one which should be attended to 

 annually. The amount of pruning is one of individual 



WORLD WAR 

 191 1_-J_ 918 



QUENTIN RDD5EVELT 

 By Force School Nqv.II.I919 



REGISTERED 

 .AMERICAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION, 

 WASHINGTON, D.C, 



THE AMERICAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION'S TREE 

 MARKER IN BRONZE 



judgment but should be based on the shape of the tree 

 desired to be produced. 



Injuries to Trees. 



There are a host of dangers to which trees are sub- 

 jected in their struggle for existance. The injuries re- 

 sulting from these dangers are not ordinarily so severe 

 as to deter anyone in planting trees. Neither are the 

 injuries so intricate that damaged trees should be left to 

 their fate, which is a premature loss. Most injuries 

 result from insect attack and tree diseases. There are 

 other sources of injury such as electricity, gas and im- 

 proper trimming of the tops to make room for over- 

 head wires. 



Insect Enemies. 



According to the habits of tree insect enemies, there 

 are two common methods employed in combating them. 

 Insects which feed on the leaves of trees, such as cater- 

 pillars, are successfully combated by the spraying of the 

 foliage with solution of arsenate of lead during the 

 period when the insects are feeding. This is in general 

 the best method of holding in control this class of insects, 

 although special means have to be employed for unusual 

 cases. 



The other general class of insects, such as plant lice 

 and scales, which do not devour the foliage but suck the 

 juices of the tree, have to be handled by a different 

 method. The treatment for this class is the use of some 



contact poison which kills the insects it touches. Solu- 

 tions of soap and kerosene are employed for this purpose. 



A solution of arsenate of lead is made as follows: 

 Arsenate of soda (50% strength), 4 ounces; acetate of 

 lead, ii ounces ; water, ioo gallons. Dissolve the arsenate 

 of soda in two quarts of water in a wooden pail, the 

 acetate of lead in four quarts of water in another wooden 

 pail. Mix these with the rest of the water. 



For elm-leaf beetle use ten instead of one hundred 

 gallons of water. In spraying many trees twice the 

 strength, or one-half the water, of above formula will 

 be better. 



Prepared arsenates of lead are procurable on the 

 market and where only a small amount of spraying is 



WELL DEVELOPED HEAD, 

 STRONG LEADER, BRANCH 

 ES SET AT WIDE, NOT 

 CLOSE, AN GLES 



BEFORE SETTING, TREE 



SHOULD BE PRUNED AT 



POINTS INDICATED BY 



.BLACK LINES; NOT 8YCLIP- 



"" OF BRANCHES 



BASE OF 

 PERMANENT 

 CROWN 

 OFT. ABOVE 

 PAVEMENT. 



BASE OF TEMPORARY 

 CROWN 7 FEET 

 ABOVE PAVEMENT. 



PRESERVE FIBPOUS 

 ROOTS: CUT OFF 

 SMOOTHLY EVERY 

 BROKEN COOT. 



DIC HOLE 18 IN. OR MORE 

 DEEP; THEN FILL TO 

 LOWER ROOT LEVEL WITH 

 MIXTURE OF % GOOD SOIL 

 AN0y4 ROTTED MANURE . 



CICH EAPTH PACKEO 

 FIPMLV ABOUT ROOTS 



OBSERVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS IN PLANTING 



to be done it is better to use these ready made materials. 

 Kerosene emulsion is made of hard soap, yi pound ; 

 water, 1 gallon; kerosene, 2 gallons. Dissolve the soap 

 in boiling water. Remove from the fire and add the 

 kerosene while the solution is warm. Agitate, or churn 

 with spray pump, until emulsion is creamy white. Use 

 this as stock. For scale insects in the winter, spray with 

 a 25-20% solution, i. e., one part in 4 or 5 parts of water ; 

 in summer to control lice and for general use against 

 scale insects apply a 10% solution, 1 part stock to 10 



