NATURAL REGENERATION OF FRENCH FORESTS 



79 



METHOD OF DEFENSE AGAINST DRIFTING SANDS IN THE LANDES, FRANCE. 



If necessary, the surface of the soil is loosened by wound- 

 ing it. A successful seed felling is where there are one 

 or two seedlings per square yard. Often there is practi- 

 cally a carpet of young oak. The next step (secondary 

 felling) is to gradually remove the seed trees and to 

 gradually free the existing seedlings without causing too 



much damage. These secondary fellings in oak stands 

 are usually two or three in number. Care is taken nqt 

 to expose the existing seedlings to late frosts and not to 

 damage too many seedlings in the lumbering operations 

 and to retain enough seed trees in localities where seed- 

 lings have failed. The removal depends primarily on 



SUCCESSFUL NATURAL REGENERATION OF SILVER FIR AND 

 SPRUCE IN FRANCE 



A MATURE STAND OF SPRUCE AND SILVER FIR IN THE TURA 

 FRANCE, SECURED BY NATURAL REGENERATION 



