THE MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES 



421 



nary difference to be observed in both form and colora- 

 tion in the males and females. (Fig. 2, lower one, and 

 Fig. 7). On their upper surfaces, the wings of the male 

 are a deep snuff brown that is for their inner moieties. 

 These areas are limited externally by an irregular, zig- 

 zag line of a much paler shade, which runs, on either side, 

 about parallel to the body. Proceeding towards the 

 margins of the four wings, this zigzag line is followed 

 by a broad band of a paler shade of brown than the snuff 

 color of the body and mesial areas of the wings described 

 above. These wings are broadly emarginated with pale 

 ash, broader in the anterior wings than in the inferior or 

 posterior ones. There is a beautiful, round black spot in 

 the middle of the superior outer angle of either anterior 

 wing, bordered internally by a very fine blue line. Above 



much lighter in coloration, which is often the case in 

 these insects as well as in many butterflies. 



Speaking of butterflies, one of the handsomest species 

 we have in our United States fauna is the widely known 

 Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio turnus). Every intelligent 

 and observing schoolboy knows this big black and yellow 

 insect by sight, though doubtless not one lad in fifty is 

 familiar with even so much as its common name, to say 

 nothing of its scientific name. The writer has met with 

 a few boys a very few boys of from twelve to fifteen 

 years, who could, off-hand, give both scientific and com- 

 mon names of this butterfly one of our most conspicu- 

 ous ones. In connection with this be it said, however, 

 that the fact generally came to light that the fathers or 

 mothers of those boys were either professional entomolo- 



THREE BEAUTIFUL AND WELL-KNOWN BUTTERFLIES 



igure 5 In the center of this cut is an elegant specimen of the common Tiger Swallowtail butterfly (Papiho turnus), seen on upper view, 

 mall butterfly in the lower left hand corner is a Buckeye, the Junonia coenia of Hubner, while the one in the opposite corner is the si 

 potted skipper (Epargyreus lityrus of Fabricius). These are all abundant forms of United States butterflies of the Middle States, especially 



Fil 



null 



spotted skipper (Epargyr 



big black and yellow one, which is widely-known to both city and country people. 



The 



Iver- 



lly the 



this the wing is purplish, and exhibits fine, hair-like 

 markings, wihch are carried down in a series of double 

 loopings through the outer, ashy margin of either wing. 

 This margin, in an inferior wing, has a subterminal, fine, 

 wavy line all the way around, and within this again a 

 row of dark spots, usually about 13 in number. The 

 outer margin of the brown band that follows is ser- 

 rated (Fig. 7). 



Seen on upper view, the female is much paler in 

 color, and the pattern and markings are far more com- 

 plicated than in her consort. As to the pattern, it is 

 well shown in the lower cut of Figure 2, while the 

 emarginations are pale ash, spots of the lower wings 

 pompeian red, the dark areas being of various shades of 

 brown, purplish, black, and white zigzag lines, and the 

 rest. On their under sides, the wings of these moths are 



gists, or possessing intellectual qualities above the usual 

 run of the average man and woman. 



Our Tiger Swallowtail is a very abundant species in 

 some sections, and more or less in others. Fifty years 

 or more ago, it was a rare thing to see one of these butter- 

 flies in southern Connecticut, while they were frequently 

 seen all along the Gulf States, and especially over the 

 country about the city of New Orleans. In the latter 

 locality the elegant green lizard, known as the American 

 Chameleon (Anolis) appeared to be especially fond of 

 them, being particularly expert in capturing specimens 

 that happened to alight in a place where the reptile could 

 stalk them. At the height of the season it is not an 

 unusual sight, in a locality favored with respect to quiet 

 and the flowers they love, to see twenty or thirty of these 

 insects hovering over the same field. Virginia is a great 



