626 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



hissed and screeched their warnings long before the 

 enemy appeared. Possibly the geese felt in their broad 

 webbed feet the vibrations of the earth caused by distant 

 gun and cannon fire, or, perhaps, they detected the air 

 vibrations." . 



FURNITURE MAKING IN BRAZIL 



'T'liE American Consul at Rio de Janeiro reports that 

 * before the European war furniture and other manu- 

 factures of wood were imported into Brazil to the value 

 of more than a million dollars annually but now Bra- 

 zilian and Italian workmen in that country are able 

 with Brazilian woods to imitate imported furniture so 

 perfectly that the resulting article is often more beau- 

 tiful than the model. 



While the Amazon district and the extreme north are 

 famous for their dyewoods and Parana is the home 

 of Brazil's soft wood, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo are 

 the great woodworking centers. Furniture making in 

 Brazil has now reached the stage where its product can 

 compete with the most particular of world markets. In 

 some of the factories the lumber used is all kiln-dried 

 before working. The workshops are equipped with 

 modern machinery, including American machines for 

 veneering purposes. The artisans work on the hardest 

 and most beautiful of Brazilian woods; they do hand 

 carving and inlaid work with a wonderful degree of ex- 

 cellence. Handsome inlaid trays and table tops may be 

 had at a moderate price containing twenty or more 

 varieties of wood. "Imbuya" is the finest wood for 

 furniture making. It comes in a large variety of colors 

 and grains, is hard but easily worked and after kiln- 

 drying, is almost indestructible. 



A number of proprietors and foremen in furniture 

 factories have learned their trade in the Lyceo de Arts 

 e Officios, at Sao Paulo, a school that teaches industrial 

 arts and manufactures various articles. The students 

 work in the shops for three or more years, then leave to 

 become foremen in other factories or do special order 

 work on their own account. 



There are more than three hundred varieties of woods 

 in the Sao Paulo region alone and as a whole Brazilian 

 forests not only abound in the finest of woods, but are 

 of enormous extent. Except for a few plateaus, the 

 forests of Brazil stretch from the Atlantic to the heights 

 of the Andes. Transportation facilities are developing 

 slowly and the labor supply is a constant probelm in 

 every Brazilian industry but with its enormous resources 

 Brazil should become one of the world's principal 

 sources of lumber. 



RAILROAD TIES IN SQUfH AMERICA 



A STRIKING illustration of the depletion of our 

 - r *- woodlands and doubtless also of the lack of labor 

 in work on those which remain is contained in a state- 

 ment by Hermann von Schrenck, of St. Louis, a railroad 

 tie expert, that while oak ties cost $2.00 each in this 

 country, serviceable ties costing only $1.40 each are 

 being imported from South America. 



A RAILROAD PLANTATION 

 A magnificent plantation of white pine growing directly 

 in the limits of a railroad right-of-way is a rare sight, 

 and is somewhat of a surprise to those who suppose that 

 a railroad marks one continuous line of forest fires and 

 devastation. About sixty years ago, the official in charge 

 of the right-of-way of the Greenville branch of the Boston 

 and Maine Railroad, although in these days this branch 

 was a tiny independent railroad, known as the Shirley and 

 Peterboro, apparently because it ran from Ayer, Massa- 

 chusetts to Greenville, New Hampshire, conceived the 

 idea that a double row of pines on the north side of the 

 track would serve as an efficient snow-break. Acting on 

 this idea, he planted in Townsend, Massachusetts, about 

 three miles of white pines in two rows eight feet apart 

 and eight feet apart in the row. A few sections of this 

 snow-break were apparently burned out, but the greater 

 part is growing today, a fine monument to the foresight 

 and courage of this pioneer railroad man. H. O. Cook, 

 Chief Forester, Boston, Massachusetts. 



FORESTRY INCREASES THE FARM INCOME BY 



1. Making waste lands yield a profit by growing timber 

 on poor soils, steep slopes, rocky lands, wet lands, unused 

 corners, gullied or eroded lands. 



2. Furnishing paying employment for men and teams 

 during the winter. 



3. Utilizing timber better on the farm and avoiding 

 waste by cutting low stumps and small tops, using substi- 

 tute woods in construction, treating nonlasting woods. 



4. Increasing crop yields by planting forest tree wind- 

 breaks. 



5. Growing more and better timber on the farm through 

 protecting the woods from fire and overgrazing; selecting 

 for cutting the mature, defective, overcrowded, and inferior 

 kinds of trees, and leaving the straight, thrifty, and better 

 kinds; planting to fill up openings in woodlands. 



6. Marketing the higher grades of wood products direct 

 to consumers at fair prices in the form of saw logs, poles, 

 piling, cooperage bolts, handle bolts, posts, pulp wood, 

 firewood, spoke blocks, tannin wood and bark. 



MAKE YOUR WOODLAND PERMANENTLY 

 PROFITABLE 



