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AMERICAN FORESTRY 



Photographs by R. S. Kellogg. 



PULPWOOD LOGS AND PAPER MILLS 

 Upper Spruce logs for making paper at Ocean Falls, British Columbia. 

 Middle Pulp and paper mills of the Powell River Company, Ltd., 



British Columbia. 

 Lower Pulp and paper mills of the Pacific Mills, Ltd , at Ocean Falls, 



British Columbia. 



Powell River Company turns out 75,000 tons of news- 

 print per annum, while the other companies make only 

 chemical pulp, as follows: Mill Creek, 24,000 tons sul- 

 phite pulp; Beaver Cove, 12,000 tons sulphate pulp. It 

 is understood that the Seaside Park plant is to produce 

 12,000 tons per annum. 



From Campbell River southward along the easterly 

 shore of Vancouver Island, the territory served by the 

 E. & N. Railway, the timber is more readily tributary 

 to mills at Vancouver or scattered along the railway. The 

 Gulf of Georgia is here wide and often rough, making 

 towing to Vancouver more hazardous. Here are no pulp 

 mills and consequently no pulp mill competition for logs. 

 In fact nearly all the logging is done by the sawmill 

 companies themselves, and the independent logger is 

 conspicuously absent. The hemlock and balsam in this 

 area is sold only for saw timber. On the other hand 

 the Canadian Government Railway is being extended 

 through to Port Alberni, on the west coast, and in this 

 westerly area so much pulpwood is to be found that 

 probably a few years may well see the construction of 

 a pulp mill in the Port Alberni neighborhood, and the 

 consequent introduction of the competitive demand for 

 hemlock and balsam. 



The west coast of Vancouver Island is another sepa- 

 rate district. Its inlets are deep and protected just as 

 in the Sheltered Waters area, but to reach the log 

 market of Vancouver booms would have to be towed 

 around through the open Pacific. The risk has been 

 found to be too great for practical operations of this 

 kind, and consequently here again there are no inde- 

 pendent loggers. This area runs very highly to pure 

 pulpwood stands, the fir which forms very heavy stands 

 near the southern end of the island, gradually diminishing 

 until in the neighborhood of Quatsino Sound it is seldom 

 seen. The cedar also becomes comparatively scarce. The 

 typical development of this area is shown by the export 

 pulp mill of the Whalen Pulp and Paper Mills, Ltd., at 

 Port Alice, Quatsino Sound a sulphite pulp mill with 

 present capacity of 18,000 tons per annum, but designed 

 for an ultimate production of 60,000 tons. In connection 

 with this plant is a saw and shingle mill cutting for 

 export, and designed to take care of whatever saw timber 

 is found mixed with the pulpwood stands. This company 

 has sufficient stumpage around Quatsino Sound to sup- 

 ply its mills for a number of years to come with con- 

 siderably more lumber in adjacent holdings available 

 for purchase at a reasonable price. The products ready 

 for export are sometimes loaded on scows for towing to 

 regular export points, but already ocean freighters have 

 docked at Port Alice, and with the expansion of the 

 pulp capacity doubtless more of the product will be thus 

 loaded at the plant. According to the report of the 

 Commission of Conservation of Canada nearly one-third 

 of the pulpwood of the British Columbia coast area is 

 located in the west coast region of Vancouver Island. 



The Northern Mainland is often considered in con- 

 junction with the Queen Charlotte Islands as a single 

 district, although there is more or less climatic difference. 



