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ideae, as Kaempferla Candida, and Pamhii, Curcuma ruhescens ? , Crinum sp., GaMrochilnH 

 Hemiorchis Birmanica, Gtjnura, etc., besides Ochna sufruticomi and suoh like steiuloss diootylids. 

 _ The trees, owing to their coarse fissured bark, are especially fitted for the sut)port to 

 epiphytical plants, and these are, therefore, developed here to a degree, which would appear 

 quite extraordinary, were it not, tliat they comprise mostly suoh plants as need lio-ht rather 

 than dampness for their development. A host of orchids make their appearance, "floweriu"- 

 at the height of the hot season ; when they exhibit the splendour of their blossoms in a raosl 

 wonderful manner almost unknown in evergreen forests. Dendrobium ancepH, Dalhomiea- 

 num, aggregatmn, hedyosmtim, harbatulum. cretaceum, chn/sotoxitm, formomm, moschatum, 

 nodatum, etc., Eriae, Aerides odoratum, Bolhophyllum, Saccolahia, Vanda teres, Bcmoni, coeru- 

 lescens, Cymbidium, etc. etc. are frequent every where. In fact the most peculiar orchids are 

 restricted to these and other drier forests exposed to the sun, while suoh as are identical or 

 nearly allied with Malayan forms occur only in the evergreen forests, and more especially 

 in the hill forest*. 



Dischidia mummularia and several Hoyae, along with Drymoglossum, Niphoholi and 

 Flatycerium are the cliief plants on the trees. Mosses are scarce, a Macromitrium and a Leuco- 

 blepharum being the chief ones on the trees, while Oarckea phascoides is the most common 

 on the ground. Lichens are here plentiful and many of them are very remarkable species. 



C. Low forests. These resemble in every respect the former, but difier from them essen- 

 tially in the following points : They are greatly mixed up with trees of the lower mixed 

 forests and grow like these, not on a rocky or stony ground, but on clay or loam, resting 

 most probably on impermeable strata of diluvium. The ground is ratlier densely covered 

 by long and stiff grasses and the Eng tree is seldom found here. The soil is either a very 

 hea,vy stiff and usually yellowish clay or loam, on which Andropogonous grasses chiefly 

 spring up, or a grey alluvial clay, on wliich Imperata cylindrica is often the chief grass 

 which grows. They might therefore be distinguished into two groups, the former occurring' 

 chiefly along the western slopes of the Yomah from Thonsay southwards, while the other 

 is peculiar to the lands adjoining the eastern slopes of the Yomah from the Koon Ohouno- 

 to near Pegu. But as they contain almost the same trees and herbage, I treat them under 

 one and the same head. 



The height and growth of the trees is the same as in the Eng forests, and when I say 

 that they are a combination of the lower mixed forests and the Eug forests, I give them their 

 true character. Here are to be found nearly all the trees of both these varieties of forests, and 

 not rarely teak, Eng and myaya {Grewia microcos) are seen growing side by side. Even IToma- 

 lium tomentosum which so pertinaciously avoids diluvial formations, is found here occasionally. 

 The following kinds of trees are also to be found associated with the above : Miliusa ve- 

 lutina, Walsura villosa, Daphnidium, argenteum, Albizzia lucida, Anogeissm acuminatus, Aporosa 

 macrophylla, Symplocos racemosa, several species of Randia and Gardenia, Aporosa villosa 

 Zizyphus riigosa, Nauclea Brunonis, Dillenia pentagyna and pukherrima, Strychnos nuxvomica, 

 Xylia dolabri/orniis, Holarrhena pubescens, Dalbergia ciiltrata, and B.purpurea (thitpoh) ; Termi- 

 nalia tomentella ^pangah), Odina wodier, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Terminalia Belerica 

 Lagerstroemia macrocarpa and L. flos reginae, Cinnamamum obtusifolium ? , Antidesma 

 diandmm, Emblica officinalis, Careya arborea, Grewia microcos, Terminalia alata and crenulata, 

 Lophopetaliim, etc. 



As in Savannah mixed forests, so also here ia these low forests, certain trees become pre- 

 valent to the exclusion of the greater part of their usual companions, and we meet with 

 Dalbergia cultrata (Yind-yke) T&rminalia alata (toukkyan), Strychnos nux-mmica (Khaboung) 

 forests, etc. 



Bamboo is very subordinate here, but groups of wapyoogeley, teiwa, tinwa and myinwa 

 are met with. 



Climbers are here more numerous, without however impairing the openness of the forest. 

 They are all such as grow in the Eug or lower mixed forests, as for example Butea superba,, 

 Sphenodesma, Otosemma macrophylla, Calycopteris Roxburghii, etc. 



The undergrowth is composed of rather high but meagre grasses, amongst which the follow- 

 ing prevail : Ischaemum bijugum and ohliquivalvis ? , Andropgon pertusum f , Gryllus, and many 

 other species, Leptochloa 'f , Eragrostis Bvownei, ruhens and 2 or 3 other species, Coix heteroclita, 

 Pollinia, Androscepia gigantea, Hymenaclime Indica, Panicum angustatiun, Chloris digitata, 

 Ophiurus perforatus, polystachyus ? , etc., Scleria lithosperma, Maemarthria ? , Dimeria, Aris- 

 tida setacea, Anthistyria, Cymbojwgon, Scliizachyrium brevifolium, Cyperus Silhetensis, niveus, 

 etc. Panicum brizoides, and others. When Imperata cylindrica is the principal grass, few 

 others spring up with it. 



Amongst the grasses grow numerous perennials and half shrubby plants, such as, Flem- 

 mingia involucrata, strobilifera and 1 or 2 other species, Crotalaria alata, acicularis, sessilijlora 

 calyeina, linifulia, and albida, Teramnus mollis, Dunbaria mollis, Cassia mimusoides, a Habe- 

 naria with yellow flowers, Gloriosa superba, Oj)hiopogon Wallickii, Pterostigma cajntatum ? , 

 8ida rhombi/olia and carptnifolia, Urena rigida and speciosa, Micromelum hu-sutum, Osbeckia 

 11 



