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Cocculm incanm, Cmampdos Pareira, Vitis trlfoliohta, Cardiospermuin Ralicacabum, Passi' 

 flora foeticla locally, Trichosanlhes bradmta, Luffa cijUndrica, Ccphalandm gmndia, Muckia 

 Maderaspafana, Zehneria uinbcUafa, Oxystelna esculentuin, and another twining Apocynea, &c. 

 Where the trees get closer, scandent shrubs and climbers of the common kinds appear, 

 like Cabjcffptcris Roxburghii, Butea superba, Spatholobus Roxhurghii, Brachyptermn scaiideiis, 

 Briedelia scandens, Streptocaulon externum, Cclastrus paniculaius, Acacia pinnata, Otosemma 

 macrophylla, and similar ones from the lower mixed forests. 



On trees, few epiphytical plants occur, altliough light is plentiful and the surface of 

 the barks appears very favourable for their reception. Jungle-fires are most probably the 

 cause of this. Orchids are poorly represented, and besides the never failing Hoyae, the following 

 ferns Niphobolus, Drymoglosmm piloselloides, Polypodium quercifolium and Platycerium are 

 frequently observed. 



c.c. Beach-jungles- These jungles are a sort of lower mixed forest containing a combina- 

 tion of trees -which occur chiefly along the sandy beaches of the sea. They are seldom of any 

 great extent, bu* foim usually a narrow strip, much interrupted by other forests, wherever 

 clayey or rocky ground turns up. They never become inundated by the tides, although they 

 often border the beach at the water's edge. They are to a certain degree a mixture of tidal 

 forests and of the surrounding inland forests, and appear often so blended together, as to render 

 their recognition difficult. If of a pure character, we find the following trees growing chiefly 

 in such forests, Poiigamia glabra, Erythriiia Indica, Bombax malabaricnm, Paritiuin tiliaceum, 

 Pandanus rerus, Cynometra bi/iiga, Gucttarda spcciosa, Gycas Rumphii, Thespesia populnea, along 

 with Scaevola Koenigii, Colubrina Asiatica, Derris sinuata, Breynia rhamnoideii, Bracliypterum 

 scandens, Caesalpinia Bandhuc, Ipomoeas, etc. Creeping on the sand between these shrubs 

 and trees, or exposed on the sandy beaches themselves, are seen Ipomoea pes caprae, Ischae- 

 mum mtiticum, along with some other grasses, etc. 



Polypodium quercifolium is, as a rule, very frequent on trees in these forests, along with 

 Hoy a, Bisohidia, and several orchids. 



These forests are very incompletely, if at all, developed in Pegu, owing to the clayey 

 alluvium ; but they occur not only along the Arracan and Andaman coasts, but still more 

 so in Tenasserim, where Casuariiia muricata becomes a prevailing tree, while Spinifex squar- 

 rosus, a curious grass, facilitates the binding of the loose sand. 



b. Upper-mixed forests. The upper-mixed forests are, as already pointed out by 

 Dr. Brandis in his reports, the principal seat of teak, and they might therefore be called par 

 excellence the teak forests of Pegu. They occupy exclusively the soft sandstone formations 

 of the Pegu Yomah, and also the older strata of the Martaban hills. Those growing on the 

 latter formations differ, however, a good deal from those growing on sandstone, not only 

 in their general growth, but also by an admixture of trees, which do not occur on the sand- 

 stone. This difference is due, no doubt, to the quality of both these rocks, but, as the differ- 

 ence is more external than essential, I do not venture to separate them here. While on the 

 Pegu Yomah these forests attain an average height (especially on the higher and drier ridges) of 

 about 120 feet, those growing on syenitio and shistose substrata seldom exceed 80 to 90 feet in 

 height, and the growth of their clean stems is never so straight and regular ; in other words, the 

 soft sandstone produces lofty, while metamorphic rocks yield only &i,(jr trees. Grass clothing of the 

 soil is only exceptional, and is then chiefly composed of the so-called teak grass (aPollinia). The 

 usually yellowish or grey surface soil, the product of disintegretion of sandstone, is therefore 

 everywhere exposed. Jangle-fires are regular and frequent, but not very injurious, except in 

 years when the bamboos have died off. The number of species of trees is smaller than in the 

 lower mixed forest, and still more so on the higher ridges ; the trees also usually grow 

 more remote from each other. These forests are in fact higher grown, but in species they 

 are poorer than the Zower mixed fmesfs. Especially large bamboos, (Kyattoun, wayah and 

 tinwa) play here an important role, while certain kinds of shaw trees (especially Sterculia 

 rillosa and urens) along with Milletia Brandisiana (thitpagan), Grewia elastica, Buabanga 

 grand! flora (myoukgna) and Erythrina striata and suberosa (toung katliit) may be called the 

 characteristic trees of these forests. Teak is here the rule its absence the exception. The 

 southern extremity of the Yomah is especially poor in teak as far upoountry as Wachoung. 

 I think that the influence of the sea, and the greater dampness of the air connected with it, is 

 in part the cause of this. Also the very decomposed condition of the sandstones may be 

 unfavourable for its growth, but this later statement is doubtful. 



The chief trees here are Xylia dolabriformis, an almost unfailing companion of the teak- 

 tree Dillenia parviflora, Garcinia cowa, Eugenia Jambolana, Bombax insignis, Sterculia urens, 

 foetida, and vlllosa, Ptero'tpermum semisagittatum, Eriolaena Candollei, Garuga pinnata, Bursera 

 serrata, Canarium Bengalense ? , Semecarpus cuneifolla, Spondias pinnata, Terminalia tomen- 

 teila crenata, pyrifolia and Betlerica, Anogeisaus acuminatus, Lagerstroemia flos reginae and 

 tomentosa,IIomalium tomenfosum,BriedeUa retusa (thseikgyee), Slilkttia Brandisiana (thit-pagan), 

 Heterophragma Boxburghii, Pajanelia multijuga, Cordia grandis, Gmelina arborea, Bell- 



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