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Croton oblongifoUum, Balhergia euUrata, Eriolaena, a Bauhinia with large beautiful flowers 

 {B. variegata ?), Kydia calycim, Erythtina sp. (toung kathit), Pterosjjermum aceroides, Bomhax 

 insigne, Heteropanax fragrans, Orislea tomentosa, Emblica officinalis, Dillenia pentagyna, Fla- 

 courtia cataphrada, Balhergia purpurea (thitpoh), and a few others. Amongst these I found a 

 single tree of each of the following species along the Kambala crest : StercuUa ornata, Nauclea 

 Britnonis, Gmelina arborea, Ficus cordifolia ! Odina wodier, and Tectona grandis. 



True erect shrubs are seldom met with here, but of climbers are seen Pueraria iuberosa, 

 Acacia rugata, Congea, Calycopteris etc. 



Then come the epiphytical plants which become more conspicuous here than in any of the 

 other varieties of leafshedding forests. Mosses and scalemosaes are not numerous in 

 species, but Macromitrium Moorcroftii and elHpticum and Meteorium squai-rosum are so 

 plentiful along with Brathymenium Hookeri, Hyophila Birmenm, Eozea decolorata, &o., that 

 they literally clothe the northern face of the stems and branches of trees, although they are 

 quite shrivelled up during the hot season. The southern and S. "W. faces are occupied by 

 light-loving lichens of common forms, especially a species of Opegrapha and Lecidea. 

 Amongst the mosses grow two curious little orchids, the one a dark purple Bolbophyllum, the 

 other (hardly half an inch high and one-fruited) unknown to me. A small creeping 

 plant (possibly an asclepiad or an Aeschynanthus) was also frequent, but in a state unfit for 

 determination. A little Stipa-\\k.e and very elegant looking grass ( Tripogoii bromoides ?) played 

 gracefully in the wind, while SclagineUa caulescens and P oly podium fisH urn seemed to be the 

 principal epiphytical ferns. A fine large shrubby Vacciniuin {Thihaudia obliqiia, Griff') with 

 brilliant scarlet flowers is to be seen everywhere in the branchings of the trees, and Hymenopo- 

 gon parasiticus and a small viviparous Aroid, besides a small leaved pendulous Aeschynanthus 

 (A. gracilis ?) make the contrast between the tropical dry vegetation and that of the temperate 

 forests only more conspicuous and interesting to a botanist. 



Orchids are numerous, indeed, and the plentiful Bendrobia with white, rose coloured 

 yellow, and purplish flowers form a splendid sight in these sunny regions. Of parasites 

 Loranthus farinosus and ferrtigineus were observed. 



The chief or rather only bamboo here is Bambusa stricta (myinwa) which grows all 

 along the crests, and especially along the unfavourable exposures ; also a rather small bamboo, 

 probably a Schizostachyum, near or identical with my Sch. flavescens, which seems really 

 to be restricted to the N. E. side of the Kambala toung, just beneath its top, for I never 

 met with these peculiar bamboos anywhere in Burmah* except here. However, this bam- 

 boo does not strictly belong to these upper-dry forests, but rather to the flora of the ever- 

 green forests, which ascend here along a deep gorge up to the top of Kambala toung. 



Although the undergrowth during my visit was perfectly burnt down, I was able in some 

 of the less injured localities to note the following plants, which especially interested me, viz., an 

 Umbellifer {Heracletim Burmanicum,) 4 to 6 feet high and 2 species of Cyrtandraceae (a Baea 

 and a Bidymocarpus} as also a grass, looking like Agrostis, which locally prevailed here. The 

 Heracleum grew abundantly here all along the higher crests of the main range of the Yomah. 

 The other herbs and perennials were nearly all of the nature of those which occur 

 also in the drier upper-mixed forests, such as Triumfetta annua, Panicum montanum. 

 Sida rJwmbifolia, a villous variety of Urena lobata, Pollinia tcctonum, Ammannia 

 muUiflora, Justicia decmsata, Zingiber squarrosum ?, Besmodium triquetrum, and pulchellutn, 

 Strobilant/ies scabcr, auriciilatus, phyllostachya and da.sysperma, Baedalacanthus macrophyllus, 

 Barleria polytricha, Lepidagathis nmcronata, Thespesia Lampas, Beea staphylea ?, Lepidagathis 

 faaciculata, Cyperus umbellatus !, Thyssanolaena acarifera, Flemmingia, Polygonum chinense ?, 

 Ischaetmim spec,, etc., etc. 



On shady sandstone rocks of favourable exposure a few mosses along with Selaginella ocouv, 

 and a Melzgcria, too, is not unfrequent. A peculiar yellowish green Alga (Bulbochaete 

 Pcguana) is met with, growing at the tips of a moss in such a way, that the rock wall, on 

 which it grows, appears as if overgrown by a Jungermannia. 



B. Savannahs and low natural vegetation. 



Between forests, and low shrubberies and bamboo jungles, the line is not always so 

 sharply drawn as it might appear at first sight, but in Pegu I know very few instances, 

 where a forester might actually fail to say where the forest ceases and low vegetation begins, 

 and this is chiefly the case in bamboo jungles. A division of the low vegetation into that which 

 grows on dry or wet lands (land-vegetation,) and into a vegetation growing in swamp and 

 waters, is surely artificial, for between dry land and water there are so many gradations, that 

 the one passes almost imperceptibly into the other, or lands, which are quite dry during the 

 dry season, are swamps or even lakes during the rains. We must therefore try to systematize 

 them the best way we can, and the difficulties are after all not so great as they appear. 



* The Karens as they assured me have no name for this bamboo, and wanted one from me, but tbey were 

 not much impressed by my knowledge, when I told them, it might be a sort of tinwa, 



X3 



