( 56 ) 



is divided in a descending order into the following regions (called usually bathjTnetrical 

 regions) the littoral, circumlittoral, median, infra-median and deep sea region. The coasts 

 of Pegu belong all to the littoral region, and the most common forms are here ChthoiwllaHtm, 

 Pohjxiphonia, and Phycoseris, Cafenella opuntia, Bodrychia, Caloglossa, Hypog/ossum, Gongro- 

 ceras, Vaucheria and Gumpsopogon. 



On the mud along the line of the ebb at Elephant point and other places, South 

 of Rangoon, larger or smaller brown or yellowish patches are seen, consisting of a 

 jelly-like matter or of threads often 2 inches long. These consist chiefly of Diatoms, such as 

 Amphitetras or Idhmia, Homaocladia. 



n. VEGETATION OF CULTIVATED OR LATELY CULTIVATED LANDS. 



I have thus treated of the vegetation of Pegu, as it presents itself in a supposed original 

 state, and will now refer to the plants that are cultivated, and also (cursorily) to the plants 

 that are found associated with them, or which spring up in such places, where cultivation has 

 either been neglected or given up altogether. 



As we are now tolerably acquainted with the original flora, the vegetation of cultivated 

 or lately cultivated lands can easily be understood by assuming, that by far the greatest bulk 

 is from the surrounding forests, etc., while only a small fraction has been introduced either by 

 man or by other instrumentalities. 



A classification of cultivated or neglected lands is not expedient, and I will only sepa- 

 rate some of the more marked varieties to facilitate the treatment of such lands in a more 

 concise form. 



I shall, therefore, introduce the following three topics : 



1. Vegetation of agrarian lands. 



2. Vegetation in and around villages. 

 y. Naturalized plants. 



1 . Vegetation of agrarian lands. 



The vegetation tha't springs up on agrarian lands, while under cultivation, varies some- 

 times with the crop that is grown on them, but this variation is reducible to causes affected 

 by the amount of irrigation to which such lands are subjected, and it is natural, that rice 

 fields, etc., during inundation will produce water and swamp plants, while in tobacco, sun or 

 other dry fields the usual garden weeds spring up. I shall therefore make no distinction 

 between the various crops. But there is a certain change in the species of weeds observed in 

 the two chief zones, viz., the Prome and Pegu zone, and such aberrations we shall have to 

 keep in view. 



I shall divide all culture in Pegu into two categories, corresponding with the 2 principal 

 modes of cultivation, viz., the hill rice and the usual low land rice cultivation ; and I will 

 treat such lands as : 



a. Upper agrarian lands. 



h. Lower agrarian lands. 



a. Upper agrarian lands. The upper agrarian lands are known in Burma generally 

 under the denomination of toungyas. If 1 call them upper agrarian lands, I do not neces- 

 sarily mean that they occupy hill tracts ; they may be situated also on level lands, if the 

 substratum is rocky, and the alluvium sheet, resting on it, is of no great depth. The plants that 

 are cultivated on such lands are various, but hill rice is the principal crop. Besides this 

 smaller toungyas are prepared by the natives, on which they cultivate a number of plants, 

 useful for their household. These are rarely planted separately but are curiously mixed, 

 although not without a certain degree of order. Such plants are especially, Lagenaria 

 vulgaris (boo hsen sway) ; Luffa acutangula (tabwot) ; Benincasa cerifera (kyouk phayung) ; 

 Momordica clwrantia (yinga or kyet hen kha) ; M. dioica (sabyet) ; M. Cochinchinensis 

 (samong nway) ; Cucumis sativus (tlaa-kwadee) Cucumis melo (tha-kwamhae) ; Citnillus vulgaris 

 (pharai) ; Cucurhita moschata seldom (shway pha-yung) ; Carum Roxhurghianum (kambaloo) ; 

 Peucedanum sowa (tsameik) ; Capsicum minimum (nayook) ; Morns Indica (posa) ; Coix 

 Koenigii f (gyeit) ; Andropogon sorghum (pyoung-gyan) ; citroon grass (tsabalin) ; Nicotiana 

 Tahacum (tabiu or hsaa) ; Zca mays (pyong) ; Solanum melongena (kayan) ; Coix Incryma 

 (kaletliee) ; Sesamum Indicum (hnau) ; Lycopersicum esculentum (khayan mya phuug) ; 

 2)a^(n'a ai6a(padaingkatha) ; C/zancrt i^(?//f (kwon rwet) ; Batatas edulis (kazwoou) ; Araclt'is 

 liypogaea (myce boi) ; Cajanus Tndicus (pajzin goong) ; Ricinus communis (kyessoo) ; Carica 

 papaya (thing 'boi) ; Triclwsanthes anguina (pailen mwre) ; T. cucumerinn (thabwot kha) ; 

 Lolichos Labial, (pai) ; Hibiscus Surrattensis (wetma chimboung) ; H. Sahdarip'a (chimboung 

 nee) ; II. Abelmoschus (baloo wa) ; H. esculenfus (yung ma dhae) ; Gossypium hcrbaceum (wa) ; 

 Brassica juncea (mung-nyen) ; Lepidium sa/uw (sa-mung-nee) ; plantains, divers varieties 

 oi Lioscorea ; Eleusine Coracaiia ; Setaria lialica ; sugaicane; Solanum /'erox and S. trongum; 

 Pachyrhizm angulatm, and similar plants. 



