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4th. Rainy season. Cut down the castor-oil and papaya trees, leaving the bamboo and 

 teak-trees to themselves. Creepers should be kept out as much as possible. 



_ The regular planting out of the trees is preferable to simply sowing them, as every tree 

 receives by such a process the same share of space, shade, etc. The wild plantain is also 

 a good shade plant, aud, if grown at proper distances, keeps out the wild sugaicane even more 

 effectually, but the planting of suckers necessarily involves additional labour aud loss of time. 

 The subjoined sketch exi^lains the proposed arrangement of the plantation ; allowance 

 must, however, be made for the width of the intervals according to the acgle of the slope. 



rThe squares are here taken at 5 feet at 

 each side ; castor-oil trees are nearest the 

 teak-seedlings, while the bamboo-clumps, 

 after removal of the csstor-oil trees, will 

 be at distances of nearly 15 feet ; givmg 

 a total of 440 teak-trees per acre. 

 The outlay for such a plantation would 

 not probably much exceed the estimat- 

 ed cost of present plantations, for the 

 planting itself can be done by a few mea 

 only, and the keeping up of the planta- 

 tiou IS greatly smiplified, as mjunoua 

 coarse weeds are kept out by the shade 

 trees themselves, which act at the same 

 P Teak; papaya or castor-oil; O bamboo, time as competitors. On the other hand, 

 outer skirt a plantain hedge with Bryophijllum for the expense of felling trees and the clear- 

 protection against junglefires. ing and primary preparation of the ground 



is saved, as tliis has already voluntarily, 

 although unconsciously, been accomplished by the former occupiers of tlie toungya. 



If mixed plantations are preferred, bamboos might be dispensed with ; I believe how- 

 ever, that in all plantations of leaf-shedding trees, the bamboo is a highly important constituent. 

 The forester must decide which trees should chiefly be selected for such mixed plantations ; but 

 a group like the following would, in my opinion, give a fiue jungle when grown on lands that 

 were formerly occupied by upper mixed forests, especially if the exposure is favourable : 

 teak, pyeukadu, thit-katu, Kathitka, Kanyin-ui and Kyattouu-wa. If the land is situated at 

 the bottom of a valley, or in other sheltered situation, thingan, Koungmu, Kathitka, thingadu, 

 Kokko, Kanyin, thit-katu and pyenkadu may be grown, but no teak. On calcareous strata 

 of a similar exposure mahogany should be added. If the land has an unfavourable exposure, 

 teak and pyenkadu along with tinwa should be grown, and if the substratum consists of schists 

 or other older rocks, rich in alkali, padouk might be added. 



On sea-beaches of fine sand, such as are frequently found along the Teaasserim shores, the 

 following trees would form good and valuable forests, and would at tlie same time be sand- 

 binding : tinyu fCa-iuariiia equiseti folia) ; poung nyet (Calophj/lhun inophylium ) along with 

 cocoa-palms ; and probably the cinnamon tree (Ciniiamomnm ceijlanicum) might be .associated 

 with them. At least, 1 understand that it is cultivated in Ceylon along similar shores aud 

 in similar situations. 



There are numerous exotic trees timber as well as dye-woods which would prove valu- 

 able, and many of them would be preferable to those named above, but their successful accli- 

 matization depends upon an intimate knowledge of their natural requirements, and uufor- 

 tuuately it isjust such questions of soil and elevation which are so much neglected in the 

 introduction of these exotics. 



An exotic timber-nursery would certainly be a great boon to the forester, and would, 

 with proper management, soon become of importance. Endeavours should be made to intro- 

 duce really useful, and not fancy, trees, from Brazil, Mexico, &c., a selection being made from 

 the export lists of those countries ; and in nursing them, two or three diti'erent subsoils should 

 be selected, so as to afford some insight into their soil-requirements. As a rule, evergreens 

 would have to be kept in damp shady situations, but not leaf-shedders, which are for the most 

 part light-loving. If these points are attended to, the losses would hardly amount to 1 in o.* 

 I have now to consider those toungyas which are cut in the Prome district on calca- 

 reous sandstones and even on laterite grounds. For these, other trees must necessarily be 

 selected, and amongst those that are indigenous, the slia is probably the best. The selection 

 of valuable trees for this dry district is a most difficult subject, because so little is known about 

 limestone-loving trees of other countries, but I strongly suspect that we shall have to look 



* If shade-loving evergreens are awkwardly placed in open sunny places, the result will, as a rule, be that 

 their stems will he shortened, and their branches lengthened (especially the lower ones), often so much, that they 

 will >pread all round and thu.s protect the ground on which they grow by their own shade from the injurious 

 effect of solar radiation. 



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