2 



B. Sporophttes or Cryptogams (Spore-bearing or flowerless plants.) 

 Plants bearing no real flowers, that is, neither stamens, nor pistils, nor true seeds ; the 

 fructification consisting of minute, often highly microscopic cells called spores variously 

 enclosed in gpore-cases. Of trees belong here only a few tree ferns, such as Alsophila, and 



Brainea. 



A. PHANEEOGAMS. 



Damon 1. Angioitperms. 

 Class I. DICOTYLEDONS. 



Subclass I. Polyp etal-s. Petals several, distinct (wanting in a few genera, 



very rarely united.) 



A. Thalamiflor-I'.. Torus small or elongated, rarely expanded in a disk. Ovary mperior. 

 Stamens indefinite or rarely definite, usually hypogyrwus. 



1. Kanales. Stamens usxially indefinite. Carpels distinct, free, or immersed singly in the torus, 

 rarely connate below. Albumen often copious, the embryo usually relatively small. 



* Petals and sepals in a single series. 



Eanimculacew. Sepals deciduous. Arillus none. Herbs or scandent shrubs with alter- 

 nate or opposite leaves. Stipules none. 



Dilleniacece. Sepals persistent. Seeds with arillus. Trees or shrubs, sometimes scan- 

 dent, with alternate simple often scabrous leaves. Stipules none. 



* * Petals or sepals, or both in two or more series. 



Not Aquatic Plants. 



Magnoliacem. Sepals and petals forming 3 or more series and imbricate in each series. 

 Carpels definite. Shrubs or trees with alternate leaves. 



Anonaceae. Sepals 3, Petals 6, in 2 series of three each. Carpels usually indefinite, 

 rarely definite or solitary, distinct or rarely (in Anona) connate. Albumen rumi- 

 nate. Trees'or shrubs, often scandent, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules none. 



Menispermacece. Flowers small or minute, deciduous. Sepals in 2 or more series of 3 or 

 2 each. Petals usually smaller than the inner sepals or wanting. Stamens 6, or 3 

 to 9, free or connate, opposite the petal. Seeds often horse-shoe shaped. Carpels 

 or fewer. Twiners or shrubs usually scandent with alternate leaves. No stipules. 



Berberideae. Sepals, petals and stamens each in 2 or 3 series of 3 each. Anthers dehis- 

 cing by valves. Carpel solitary. Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, with simple 

 or compound leaves. 



Aquatic Plants. 



Nymphaeaceae Carpels free or consolidated. Stamens indefinite. Floating herbs with 

 radical, orbicular or elliptic leaves. 



2. Parietales. Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary syncarpous with parietal placentation, 



one-celled or spuriously divided by cellular placentary dissepiments. Ovules rarely 

 solitary. Fruits various, always singly from each fiower. 



Papaveraceae. Corolla regular. Sepals 2. Petals 4 to 6. Stamens indefinite. Albumen 

 copious. Embryo small. Herbs with alternate leaves. 



Fumariaceae. Corolla irregular. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens definite, diadelphous. 

 Albumen copious. Embryo small. Herbs with alternate compound leaves. 



Violaceae. Flowers irregular or regular. Petals and Stamens 5, the connective pro- 

 duced beyond the anther-cells. Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees with simple alternate 

 leaves. Stipules present. 



Moringaceae. Flowers irregular. Sepals and Petals 5. Stamens 5 or 10. Capsule pod- 

 like, 3-valved. Albumen none. Trees with compound alternate leaves. 



Capparideae. Flowers regular or irregular. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite rarely defi- 

 nite. Ovary and fruit often stalked. Seeds often kidney-shaped. Albumen none. 

 Trees or shrubs often scandent, or herbs with alternate simple or digitately com- 

 pound leaves. Stipules often reduced to thorns. 



Criiciferae. Flowers regular. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens usually 6, 4 longer. 

 Albunien none. Herbs with alternate simple or compound leaves. Stipules none. 



Bixiueae. Flowers regular. Sepals 5 or fewer. Petals various, often none, not seldom 

 scaled at base. Stamens indefinite, free or connate. Placentas 2 or more. Albumen 

 fleshy. Embryo rather large. Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. 

 Stipules usually none, rarely minute or conspicuous. 



3. PoLYGALES. Sepals 5, unequal or equal. Petals 5. Stamens 5, 6 or 8, free or monadel- 



photis. Ovary 2-merous. 



