e 



Ciicitrbilaceae. Flowers unisexual, regular. Stamens 3 or 5. Ovary inferior, at first 

 l-celled, the (3) parietal placentas soon meeting in the axis and dividing the cavity 

 into 3 or 6 cells or remaining l-celled with a single placenta. Style entire or 

 branched. Seeds without albumen. Prostrate or climbing tendril-bearing herbs 

 with alternate leaves. No stipules. 



Turncraccae. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals different shaped from sepals. Stamens 

 definite. Ovary free. Styles free from the base, often 2-cleft. Seeds albuminous. 

 Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves. Stipules minute or none. 



Begoniaccae. Flowers unsymmetrical, unisexual. Perianth consisting of 2 or more 

 leaves, the 2 outer ones opposite, valvate. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior, 

 2-4-celled. Ovules numerous on the projecting single or 2-cleft axile placentas. 

 Stigmas often spirally papillose. Usually succulent herb with oblique alternate 

 or scattered leaves. 



Datisceae. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Perianth-segments small. Stamens 4 or 

 indefinite ; anthers dorsifix. Ovary inferior, often open at the apex. Placentas 

 parietal. Styles free, simple or 2-parted. Seeds albumiuoua. Trees, rarely herbs 

 with alternate leaves. Stipules none. 



14. FicoiDALES. Flowers regular or nearly so. Ovary syncarpoua, free or wholly or partially 



adnate ; placentatton various. Embryo usually curved. 



Cacteae. Calyx-lobes petals and stamens usually numerous. Ovary, inferior, l-celled, 

 with parietal placentas. Style radiately cleft at apex. Usually fleshy variously 

 shaped perennials or trees, often spiny. Leaves none or minute, rarely developed. 



Ficoideiie. Calyx-lobes usually 4 or 5. Petals many, or small, or none. Stamens 

 numerous or few. Ovary inferior to superior, 2-many-celled. Styles free or high 

 up united. Herbs with opposite or whorled leaves. 



15. Umbellales. Flowers regular. Ovary inferior, 2-inany-rarcly l-celled, with a solitary 



suspended ovule in each cell. Styles distinct or connate at base, on or surrounded by 

 an epigynous disk. Stamens often definite. Albumen copious. Embryo minilte or 

 longer and straight. 



Umhelliferae. Calyx -teeth small or obsolete. Corolla usually imbricate in bud. Fruit 

 dry, separating from the axis into 2 seed-like carpels. Usually herbs with alternate 

 often dissected leaves. Stipules none. Flowers iu simple or compound umbels. 



Araliaceae. Corolla usually valvate in bud. Fruit succulent, not separating. Cells 

 usually more than 2. Trees shrubs or rarely herbs with alternate leaves. Stipules 

 none. 



Cornaccae. Fruit succulent, 2-celled. Corolla usually valvate in bud. Seeds albumin- 

 ous. Trees or shrubs with usually opposite leaves. Stipules none. 



Subclass II. Gamopetalje. 



(Petals united into a single lobed corolla.) 



. 1. Corolla epigynous, bearing the stamens. 



Caprifoliaceae. Anthers free. Ovary 2-many-celled with 2 to many ovules. Flowers 

 regular or irregular ; stamens usually as many as corolla-lobes. Shrubs or herbs, 

 often climbing, rarely trees, without real stipules. Leaves opposite. 



Ruhinceac. Flowers usually regular ; stamens isomerous ; anthers free. Ovary 2-many- 

 celled with a solitary, 2 or many ovules. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite 

 leaves and free or connate stipules. 



Dipsaceae Anthers free. Ovary l-celled. with a single suspended ovule. Seeds albumi- 

 nous. Each flower surrounded or enclosed in a tubular caly.x-shiiped involucel, often 

 capitate. Usually tall herbs with opposite leaves. Stipules none. 



Compositae. Anthers united in a tube round the style. Ovary l-celled, with a single 

 erect ovule. Seeds without albumen. Flowers in heads, at base surrounded by a 

 scaly reptacle. Calyx-limb none or reduced to feathery or simple hairs. 



. 2. Stamens free from the corolla. 

 * Flowers irregular. 



Stylidieae. Stamens 2, connate with the style ; otherwise as in Campanulaceae. Herbs 

 or perennials, with tufted or alternate leaves. 



Campanulaceae. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, free from the style. Anthers open- 

 ing longitudinally. Ovary iuferior, many-ovuled. Herbs with alternate or radical 

 leaves. 



