10 



Podosfemmaeeae. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Perianth none or incomplete. 

 Stamens 1 or more, round or on one sido of tho ovary, free or connate. Ovary 2-or 3- 

 oelled, with numerous ascending ovules ou a central placenta. Styles or stigmas 2 

 or 3. Fruit capsular. Seeds without albumen. Small floating or submerged herbs, 

 looking like scalemosses, with entire or lacerated or scale-like leaves. 



Urticaceae. Flowers unisexual, the males small and green. Stamens opposite the 

 perianth-segments. Ovary superior, free or connate, witli 1 (rarely 2) ovules 

 Fruit various, 1 -seeded. Seeds albuminous. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with usually 

 alternate leaves. Stipules present. 



Anientaceac. Flowers monoecious. Ovary inferior, surmounted by a rudimentary 

 toothed perianth-limb, 2- or more-celled. Fruit 1-celled, 1- rarely few-seeded. 

 Albumen none. Seeds naked. Trees with alternate leaves and with stipules. 



Juglainleae. As in Amentaceae, but leaves pinnate. 



Saliciiieae. Flowers dioecious, in catkins. Perianth none or rudimentary. Ovary 

 free, 1-celled ; ovules indefinite, basal or parietal. Seeds with a tuft of hairs. 

 Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves. 



Casuarintae. Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Perianth in male flowers 2-phyllous 

 in females none. Stamen 1. Ovary 1-celled with 1 or 2 ovules ; styles 2. Gones 

 woody, the woody bracts valvately opening. Caryopsis winged. Leafless trees 

 with jointed brauchlets furnished with toothed sheaths like in Equuetuin. 



Division 2. Oymnosperms. 



Gnetaceae. Stamens in the males, ovules in the females, enclosed in an ovoid or tubular 



bract. Shrubs or rarely little trees, usually scandent, with jointed stems and 



opposite leaves, rarely leafless. 

 Coniferae. Anthers in the males, ovules in the females, inserted on scales, often forming 



spurious catkins or cones. Trees or shrubs, with a branched not jointed stem and 



simple often scale-like or needle-shaped leaves. 

 Cycadeae. Anthers numerous on the under surface of scales arranged in a cone ; 



ovules from separate reduced fronds. Small but robust trees, often stemless, the 



stem not or sparingly branched. Leaves pinnate. 



Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 

 * Ocary inferior. 



Bromeliaceae. Flowers regular or nearly so. Perianth of 6 segments, the 3 inner ones free 

 and petal-like, the outer ones forming a calyx. Stamens 6, anthers opening inwards. 

 Seeds albuminous. Harsh often succulent stemless or short-stemmed plants, the 

 leaves longitudinally veined, often spiny along the edges. 



Musaceae. Flowers irregular Perianth of 6 segments, petaloid, in 2 distinct 

 rows, the posterior inner segment often free and labellum-like. Stamens 6, or 

 usually only 5, anthers 2-celled. Seeds albuminous. Tall herbs with a spurious 

 stem formed by the leaf-sheathes, with large leaves transversely veined trom the 

 midrib. 



Marantaceae. Flowers irregular. Perianth of 6 segments, the outer 3 segments more 

 or less calyx-like, the inner tubular, in 2 rows, the outer 3-parted and nearly equal. 

 Stamens 6, 3 of them petaloid-transformed, one or 2 barren or abortive, the other 

 fertile with an one-celled anther. Seeds albuminous. Herbs much of the habit of the 

 following and similar leaves. 



Scitaminene. Flowers irregular. Perianth of 6 segments, the outer 3 segments short 

 and calyx-like, the inner composed of a labellum-like expanded central lobe with 2 

 , lateral segments united with the petal-like stamiuods. Stamen 1, anthers 2-celled, 

 the upper part of filament enclosed within the 2 anther-cells. Seeds albuminous. 

 Herbs with a spurious sheath-stem and often large l-ribbed leaves transversely- 

 veined. 

 Orcliideae. Flowers irregular. Perianth corolla-like, the 6 segments in 2 rows, tlie 

 posterior inner segment labellum-like. The pistill united witli the stamens iu a 

 solid column. Placentas parietal. Perennial plants, bulbous tuberous or Ibrming 

 stems, often fleshy, the leaves veined paniUelly with the midrib. 



Jjuniianniaceae. Flowers regular. Perianth of usually 6 segments, corolla-like. 

 Stamens 6 or 3, free, perigynous. Ovary I- to 3-celled, the placentas parietal or 

 axile. Little herbs with tutted parallel- veined leaves, rarely leafless parasites. 



