22 



Sepals herboceous or glumnceous. 



Carpels sepivrate, more or less. 



PlaceutsD spread over the dissepiments, Butomaeeae. 



Flaceutso uarrow A/isinaceae. 



Carpels combined in a solid pistil. 



Petals quite distinct from the calyx, , Commelynaceae. 



Petals uudistinguishable from the calyx. 



Flowers scattered, Juncaeeae. 



Flowers on a spadix, Arohleae. 



Sepals petal- like. 



Carpels more or less separate. 



Seeds solitary, , , Palmae. 



Seeds numerous. 



Anthers turned outwards, , . Melanihaceae. 



Anthers turned inwards. 



Floral envelopes 6, Butomaeeae. 



Floral envelopes 2, , Phili/draeeae. 



Carpels combined in a solid pistil. 



Petals rolled inwards after flowering, Pontederaeeae. 



Petals not rolled inwards after flowering, Liliaceae, 



Flotcer incomplete (Jiacing no distinct Jioral envelopes except leaves). 

 Flowers glumaceous. 



Stems hollow, with nodes, , Gramineae. 



Stems more or less solid, usually without nodes. 

 Carpel solitary. 



Seed and ovule erect, Ci/peraceae. 



;- Seed and ovule pendulous, liesiiaceae. 



Carpels several. 



Carpels distinct, .Erioeauloneae. 



Carpels combined. 



Placentso parietal .Xyrideae. 



Placentee central, Pestiaceae. 



Flowers nakrd ; or with a few whorled leaves. 

 t Flowers on a spadix. 



Spatbes several. Fruit woody or drupaceous, Pandaneac. 



Spathe solitary. Fruit a berry, Aroideae. 



No spathe. Fruit a nut, . ...Typhaceae. 



t t Flowers not on a spadix. 



Ovules pendulous. Floating plants, , Najadene, 



Ovules erect. Floating herbs, Pistiaceae^ 



C CRYPTOGAMS. 



* Stems and leaves distinguishahle. 

 O Spores icithoiit elaters. 



Spore cases seated on leaves or enclosed within the edge of a contracted leaf, Filices. 



Spore-cases enclosed within an involucre. Water-plants, Hydropterides. 



Spore-cases naked. 



Spore-cases sessile in the axil of leaves or bracts, Lycopodiaceae. 



Spore-cases stalked. 



Spore-cases valve-less, , , Musci. 



Spore-cases opening into valves. 



With a distinct axis of growth,. . . Hcpaticae. 



Without a distinct axis of growth, Bicciaceae. 



O Spores furnished with elaters. 



Spores naked, collected in cones, Equisetaceae. 



Spores enclosed in cases. 



Spore-cases valve-less Marchantiaceae. 



Spore-cases opening into valves, , Hepaticae. 



* * Stems and leares not distinguishable. 

 (Here belong all mushrooms, moulds, sea-weeds and Algae, lichens.) 



