mere shrubbery. A fine patch of open evergreen forest is passed a few miles before San-ye- 

 wa, but it is being destroyed in a very reckless manner and will soon be transformed into 

 fields. 



26(h. Dccb. 1870. The elephants having arrived the previous night, I started early 

 this morning on my tour, but to my great disappointment the whole of my luggage fell 

 down, owing to the bad manner in which it had been packed on the animal, and having 

 only Burman mahouts to deal with, was obliged myself to teach them how to pack an 

 elephant. This took up all my time, but it proved useful hereafter during my whole tour. 



The forests are the same as those of yesterday. I encamped at Ton-kyan. 



2~th Decb. 1870. The march to-day was over a large tract of rioefields on the alluvial 

 grounds of the Pazwun-doung valley. Approaching the opposite borders of the alluvium, 

 jungles reappeared and after crossing a belt of diluvial strata on which long-grassed , 

 jungle pastures predominated, I came upon low forests with plenty of Andropogonous 

 grasses, alterntvtiug with lower mixed forests of low and bad growth. I encamped at Kya 

 Eng, and spent the ne.xt two days in exploring the surrounding forests witli a view of study- 

 ing the relations between the low and lower mixed forests and their substrata. The latter 

 consisted chiefly of biuga {Nauclca {Stcphegi/ne) rotumUfoliu) ; yamein {Aporosa villosa), 

 thim-byun (Dillenia pentac/ijua) Ka-boung {Stnjchnos nux vomica), pyen kadu (Xylia dolabri- 

 formis) let-kop {Holarr/iena piibe-wena) thit-po {Dalbcrgia purpurea); pangali {Tcr/hinalia 

 chebida), mani {Gardenia enjthroclada), na-be {Odiiui wodier), nagyi [Pterotipermum semisagit- 

 tatum) thit-sein (Termiiialia belerica), pyen ma {Lagersfroemia fios reginae) Kun-pyen-ma 

 (L. macrocarpa), nyoung-pyu {Fictis Rumphii), Ginnamomuin obtnsifoUum locally, Thit yin 

 {Grolon oblongifoUum,), Kim-ba-lin {Antidenma Bunia-f) thi pyu {Emblica officinalis), ban-bwe 

 {Careya arborea), yin-dike {Dalbergia cidtrata), my-a ya {Greicia microcos), ta-bwot-gyi {Milium 

 tonunfosa) and others. The forests enclose on drier grounds patches of low forests, in which 

 a few young Eng trees were also observed. Of climbers there are baup no-e. {Butea superba 

 and B. parvijiora), no-e-sat {Symphorema involucratum) Kwe-no-e {S. unguiculatum), tamaka- 

 no-e {Congea toinentosa), one or two Combreta, dama gne {Milkttia extensa), and such like. 

 A white powdered erect Calamus (Kieing-Ka) is often seen along with Ardisia Wallichii, 

 Zizyphus, Limonia alternifolia, Flemingia, etc. 



The little Kya-Eug is properly a jungle swamp densely overgrown with Hymenachne 

 mytirus, interwoven with Hygror/uza aristata, Panicum cms galli, Anosporum cephalotes, Jussi- 

 aea repens, Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum, Polygonum etc. The trees that surround it partake 

 of the character of a swamp-forest ; they are thit-pyu {Xantkophyllum glaucum) and a peculiar 

 mango-tree {Mangifera longipcs). 



30M Decb. 1870. Started for Pounggyi. Passed through lower mixed forests and also 

 came upon the large Kya-Eng, where I had encamped in 1867. At that time it was over- 

 grown with waterplants and the water was clear, but now it is a rendezvous for buifaloes from 

 the newly settled Karen villages, and has no vegetation but mough {Pistia, Salcinia, Azolla). 

 The forests around are moister and, therefore, of a somewhat better growth. Here also ye 

 me ne {Gmelina arborea), lynggyow {Dillenia parvijiora), tsibye {Eugenia Jambolana), salung 

 (Licuala peltata), tan tat {Albizzia lucida), yung (Anogeissus acuminatus), myonk gno 

 (Duabanga grandiflora) min-bo {Caryota urens and Wallichia obloHgi/olia) and Kana so 

 (Baccaurea sapida) indicated the neighbourhood of evergreen forests. Of bamboos I observed 

 the tinwa and waya. On crossing the outer southern spur of the low range, I fell in with 

 the first true Eng-forest, growing on cavernous laterite, from wheuce we descended into the 

 alluvium of the Pazwun doung river. Marching through lower mixed forests, I arrived at 

 4J p. M. at Phounggi, where I encamped. 



did Decb. 1871. The alluvium here is overgrown with wild sugarcane, forming 

 with ban-bwe {Careya arborea), pyenma, theing the {Naiiclea panifolia) and some other 

 trees a sort of savannah-forest. After crossing parched rioefields and passing a large 

 Eng densely covered with water plants, I again entered some lower mixed forests which 

 changed in sheltered valleys into Evergreen forests characterized by a bamboo called wa-no-e. 

 Halfway to Kyau zu, to the right of the path I reached a small jungle lake where I observed 

 a curious Riccia, (most probably new) which forms dense masses nearly a quarter of a foot in 

 thickness. In travelling through Burma, the rice fields form serious obstacles. All paths 

 are lost or rather become so interwoven that nothing remains for the traveller to do but to 

 keep a straight course towards the place he wishes to reach. In crossing the Pazwun doung 

 choung at Khyau zu, my pony fell over a log, and I received several contusions which made 

 it impossible for me to march on foot. I managed, however, to reach Wachouug, where I en- 

 camped on the same spot as in 1807. 



Year 1871. 



\st Jan. 1871. Halted and being an invalid, I examined my Algae. In doing so, I 

 made a discovery which may be of some use to microscopists in the field. The deep blue 

 sky in the dry season is a great drawback to microscopic work in India. Accidentally my 



