betlenut palms interrupt the monotony of the poonzohs and toungyas, in which here and 

 there a tree is left standing, the cro^wa cropped for fuel in such a way as only to add to the 

 ugliness of landscape, which otherwise is not without its romantic outlines. It was rather 

 late when we arrived at Bogelay, a very large Christian Karen village. 



1st March, 1868. Remained in camp. Visited the Ohinchoua plantations which were 

 planted out along a slope some years ago and drew up a report on their growth. The deserted 

 Tonngyas all rouml here consist chiefly of Ageratum conyzoides, Blumea, Conyza balsamifera 

 and C. absinihi/olia, Saccharum, Impcrata, Poh/gnla glomerata, teak grass, Vernonia cinerea, 

 Androscepia gigantea, Conyza viseida, Tliyssanolcena acarifem, Sida rhombifolia. Clerodendron 

 infortunatum, Solanum pubescens, Desmodium gyroides, Blumea pterodonta, Pteris aquilina, 

 Melastoma, Eedyotis scandem, etc. Amongst these, stragglers of former cultivation lino'ered, 

 such as Benincisa, Cafanus, cotton, etc. 



2nd March, 1868. After leaving the Bogelay ridges we had to ascend on the other side 

 the watershed between the feeders of the Myitgnan and another choung, flowing into the 

 Toukyeghat to the north. The ridges here are all pretty well wooded, although" they are 

 much mutilatea by toungya-eultivation. Evergreen tropical forests of the Toukyeghat 

 character, but richer in variety, occupy the shady valleys and ascend nearly to the cres" on 

 the favourably exposed slopes, while on an isolated top of the ridge itself a patch of drier 

 hill forests was found spared from toungya cultivation. I had but little time left for botaniz- 

 ing, as the distance to our next night camp was too far. Passing Yeddoh gelay to our rio-ht 

 we followed the ridges until we arrived at Yeddoh gyi, a Karen village situated on a com- 

 manding ridge but deprived of all forests except along the slope down the Myitgnan n^. 

 The large bamboo, wabo, is a conspicuous feature in these villages of Christian Karens, and 

 indicates of the presence of human habitations in the same way as the Cocoa palms do in low 

 tropical regions. Having descended to the Myitgnan n^ after passing Kello, we ascended a 

 very precipitous ridge, which brought us round almost in a half-circle. Our elephants had, 

 in the meantime arrived opposite to where we were, and we were obliged to seud them back 

 as we found it impossible to get them over such broken ground. Toungyas of all ages up to 

 10 years' standing began now to be very numerous, and passing over a small valley we had 

 the pleasure, at 1 p. m. of ascending a steep slope upwards of 2000 feet high at an angle 

 of 30'. The whole way was over toungya ground. A dry hill forest crowned the top 

 of the hill, but we passed along it, about 500 feet lower down through endless toung- 

 yas descending gradually and obliquely towards a choung, bordered by evergreen forests, on 

 which the village of Keloung lies, where we arrived at nightftiU. 



Srd March, 1868. -Our path led us along the slopes of the Tini choung and we soon 

 entered drier bill forests when ascending the watershed of the Tini and Thayet chu chouno'S, 

 in which I observed chiefly Eurya Chinemk, Schinn, Coffea tetrandra, the Oyeas-like looking 

 Breynia insignis with black fibrous stems of 1 to 1| feet in diameter, oaks, chestnuts, a wood oil 

 tree, Lantana arborea, Saiiranja, Engelhardtia serrata, Ficus conglomerata, Glochidion, Oarcinia 

 anomala, Stereonpermumfimbriatum, Aporosa, Vaccinium Donianum Turpini i Nepalenm, Caryota 

 urens of 30-40 feet in height by 3 feet girth Dillenia aurea, Emblka officinalis, Helicia, etc. 

 Further as low growth Gleichenia dichotoma, liubm rugosiis, Senecio albicans, Osbeckia, a small 

 Rottlera, Scleria, common, Faniciim montnnum, teak grass, etc. Of bamboos were chiefly the 

 berry-bearing scandent bamboo, Kyellowa and Kyattounwa with wabo. We soon entered also 

 pine forests {Finns Kasya), but these had just been cut down to make place for toungya culti- 

 vation. This was a very painful sight to me, for since I left Europe 17 or 18 years ago, it waa 

 for the first time that I fell in with pine forests. Although Puki was our next station the 

 night overtook us, and we had to camp as well as we could in a moister hill forest on the 

 banks of the Tayet chu choung. 



4ith March, 1868. Ascending the ridge to our right we found ourselves again in drier 

 hill forests, now much interrupted by typical pine forests of the same character as those of 

 yesterday. Thyssanol lena aearifera and Andropogonous grasses prevailed. Tristania Bur- 

 manica, in the plains a laterite tree, grew here in the pine forests on granitic substrata. 

 After passing extensive old hill toungyas of about 10 to 12 years of age in which especially 

 Nelitris had densely sprung up with Tenistroemia, we descended to the valley of a feeder of 

 the Myitgnan choung where Puki at present lies, in a truly homely landscape, with rounded 

 hillocks clad with pine forests at a distance, and similar ones towering above us on the high 

 ridge on which the village leans. We arrived here at 10 A. m. ; but I soon found that my 

 Shan men, a boisterous set, had refused to go any further. While Mr. Graham was remonstrating 

 with them about their conduct, I ascended the ridge that separates the waters of the Myit- 

 gnan from those of the Kye choung. The ascent was very steep, first through cut toungyas 

 in which a sky blue Lcspedeza abounded, then into the pine forests. The Karen guide who 

 accompanied me, seeing the difficulty we had to overcome in passing over ground covered 

 with slippery pine-needles, went a head and made a path by pushing the needles aside with 

 his hands. Little undergrowth only could be seen, restricted almost to Androscepia gigantea 

 which was plentiful and 2 species of Lesjtedeza, with occasionally a Crotalaria Ferrugineu etc. 



